Additive diversity partitioning in palaeobiology: revisiting Sepkoski’s question

Additive diversity partitioning in palaeobiology: revisiting Sepkoski’s question
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古生物学中的加性多样性划分:重新审视 Sepkoski 的问题

DOI:
10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01017.x
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Steven M. Holland
Steven M. Holland
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steven M. Holland

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摘要:  使用 Whittaker 的 α、β 和 γ 多样性概念,Sepkoski 询问全球多样性如何在从社区到省的范围内聚集。从那以后的几年里,生态学家根据加法分区重新塑造了多样性,其中总多样性可以分解为样本级别的α多样性加上一系列反映逐渐更大的空间尺度的β多样性项的总和。鉴于海洋阿尔法多样性只占全球多样性的一小部分,显生宙全球多样性模式必须由一个或多个尺度的贝塔多样性变化主导。不断增加的生态文献表明,生态系统、区域和类群之间的β多样性存在巨大差异,这表明β多样性在进化时间尺度上可能发生巨大变化。但问题是哪些尺度是最重要的。最近的几项古生物学研究有助于限制沉积盆地内的β多样性,而基于样本的数据库的出现使塞普科斯基的问题的答案触手可及。引入了一种计算丰富度多样性分区的新方法,该方法可以计算每个物种对α和β多样性的贡献,以及每个采样单元对β多样性的贡献。
Abstract:  Using Whittaker’s concepts of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity, Sepkoski asked how global diversity was assembled at scales ranging from the community to the province. In the years since, ecologists have recast diversity in terms of additive partitions where total diversity can be decomposed into sample‐level alpha diversity plus the sum of a series of beta diversity terms that reflect progressively larger spatial scales. Given that marine alpha diversity represents a tiny fraction of global diversity, Phanerozoic global diversity patterns must be dominated by changes in beta diversity at one or more scales. A ballooning ecological literature demonstrates wide variation in beta diversity among ecosystems, regions, and taxa, suggesting that large changes in beta diversity on evolutionary timescales are likely. But the question is which scales are the most important. Several recent palaeontological studies help to constrain beta diversity within sedimentary basins, and the emergence of sample‐based databases puts an answer to Sepkoski’s question within reach. A new method for calculating diversity partitions for richness is introduced, which allows the calculation of each species’ contribution to alpha and beta diversity, as well as the contribution of each sampling unit to beta diversity.
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