Effects of habitat complexity on Caribbean marine fish assemblages
Effects of habitat complexity on Caribbean marine fish assemblages
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DOI：
10.3354/meps292301
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Speight, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gratwicke, B;Speight, MR
在英属维尔京群岛托托拉岛附近的 5 个海湾复制了多组人工鱼礁，以研究栖息地复杂性对鱼类组合的影响。硬基质百分比的增加和小珊瑚礁孔的数量增加了珊瑚礁上的鱼类丰度。每个珊瑚礁上观察到的物种数量 (S-obs) 随着粗糙度、生长形式的多样性、硬基质百分比和避难洞尺寸的变化的增加而增加。计算稀有或丰度校正的物种丰富度度量（S，a，e）以考虑不同的鱼类丰度。经过这次修正后，粗糙度是显着增加鱼类物种丰富度的唯一变量。不同高度（20厘米和60厘米）的实验珊瑚礁的鱼类丰度或物种丰富度没有显着差异。长刺海胆 Diadema antillarum 的存在增加了人工岩礁和海草床上的 Sob 和鱼类总丰度，但这种影响在海草床中最为明显，因为庇护所是一个强烈的限制因素。这些结果表明，复杂的栖息地或为鱼类提供庇护所的动物（例如 D. antillarum）对于维持当地规模的鱼类生物多样性至关重要。复杂性最重要的方面是粗糙度、坚硬的基质和小的避难孔。人工鱼礁可用于减轻受影响地区的栖息地破坏，如果管理目标是增加当地鱼类丰度和物种丰富度，则珊瑚礁应在无法提供稳定基质的情况下提供稳定的基质，具有带有许多小避难孔的凹凸不平的表面，并具有多种生长形式。
Sets of artificial reefs were replicated in 5 bays off Tortola in the British Virgin Islands to investigate the effects of habitat complexity on fish assemblages. Increasing percentage hard substrate and the number of small reef holes increased fish abundance on reefs. The observed number of species (S-obs) occurring on each reef increased with increasing rugosity, variety of growth forms, percentage hard substrate, and variety of refuge hole sizes. A rarefied or abundance -corrected species richness measure (S,a,e) was calculated to take the varying fish abundances into account. After this correction, rugosity was the only variable that significantly increased fish species-richness. Experimental reefs of different height (20 and 60 cm) did not have significantly different fish abundance or species richness. The presence of long-spined sea urchins Diadema antillarum increased Sob, and total fish abundance on artificial rock-reefs and in seagrass beds, but the effect was most pronounced in seagrass beds where shelter was a strongly limiting factor. These results indicate that complex habitats or animals such as D. antillarum that provide shelter to fish are essential for maintaining fish biodiversity at local scales. The most important aspects of complexity are rugosity, hard substrate and small refuge holes. Artificial reefs may be used to mitigate habitat damage in impacted areas, and if management objectives are to increase local fish abundance and species richness, the reefs should provide a stable substrate where this is unavailable, have a rugose surface with many small refuge holes, and have a variety of growth forms.