PFAS soil and groundwater contamination via industrial airborne emission and land deposition in SW Vermont and Eastern New York State, USA
PFAS soil and groundwater contamination via industrial airborne emission and land deposition in SW Vermont and Eastern New York State, USA
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DOI：
10.1039/d0em00427h
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Foley, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schroeder, Tim;Bond, David;Foley, Janet
为了了解空气中PFAS排放对土壤和地下水的影响程度，我们在VT/Hoosick Falls， NY Bennington附近的保护林地地区进行了采样活动。50多年来，这里一直是聚四氟乙烯涂层作业产生的PFAS气体排放源。自2015年以来，佛蒙特州和纽约州环境保护部记录了200公里(2)范围内1200口住宅井和两个市政供水系统被全氟辛酸（PFOA）污染。考虑到烟羽的大面积分布，以及大部分污染区域位于斜坡上方，与工厂隔河而过的事实，我们试图确定地下水污染是否主要是由空气排放、土地沉积以及随后的地下水浸出渗入造成的。对工厂下风的绿山国家森林（GMNF）土壤和地下水的采样表明，土壤和地下水的PFOA污染不间断地从居民区延伸到保护林地。地下水泉和渗漏位于GMNF的下风8公里处，但在工厂垂直上方约300米处，含有高达100毫微克的PFOA。我们的研究结果表明，空气排放的PFAS可以污染地下水和土壤，而不是那些通常被认为是区域地下水流量下降的地区。
In order to understand the extent to which airborne PFAS emission can impact soil and groundwater, we conducted a sampling campaign in areas of conserved forest lands near Bennington, VT/Hoosick Falls, NY. This has been home to sources of PFAS air-emissions from Teflon-coating operations for over 50 years. Since 2015, the Vermont and New York Departments of Environmental Conservation have documented similar to 1200 residential wells and two municipal water systems across a 200 km(2) area contaminated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Given the large areal extent of the plume, and the fact that much of the contaminated area lies up-gradient and across rivers from manufactures, we seek to determine if groundwater contamination could have resulted primarily from air-emission, land deposition, and subsequent leaching to infiltrating groundwater. Sampling of soils and groundwater in the Green Mountain National Forest (GMNF) downwind of factories shows that both soil and groundwater PFOA contamination extend uninterrupted from inhabited areas into conserved forest lands. Groundwater springs and seeps in the GMNF located 8 km downwind, but >300 meters vertically above factories, contain up to 100 ppt PFOA. Our results indicate that air-emitted PFAS can contaminate groundwater and soil in areas outside of those normally considered down-gradient of a source with respect to regional groundwater flow.