Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans
Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1017511108
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发表时间：
2011-03-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Feldman, Marcus W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henn, Brenna M.;Gignoux, Christopher R.;Feldman, Marcus W.
非洲被推断为所有现代人类的起源大陆，但由于数百个不同人群的复杂历史，非洲人类史前史和进化的细节在很大程度上仍然模糊不清。我们为几个狩猎采集者群体提供了超过580，000个SNP的数据：坦桑尼亚的Hadza和Sandawe，以及不平等的南非Khomani Bushmen，包括几乎灭绝的Nlu语言的使用者。我们发现，非洲狩猎采集人口今天仍然高度分化，包括在其他非洲人口中没有发现的变化的主要组成部分。狩猎采集者群体在27个非洲群体中也往往具有最低水平的全基因组连锁不平衡。我们分析了连锁不平衡和人口分化的地理模式，F-ST，在非洲。观察到的模式与现代人类起源于南部非洲而不是东非一致，因为通常假设。此外，在过去的5,000年里，非洲狩猎采集者群体的遗传变异受到了与农民和牧民互动的重大影响，这既有严重的人口瓶颈，也有性别偏见的迁移。然而，非洲狩猎采集者群体继续保持世界上最高水平的遗传多样性。
Africa is inferred to be the continent of origin for all modern human populations, but the details of human prehistory and evolution in Africa remain largely obscure owing to the complex histories of hundreds of distinct populations. We present data for more than 580,000 SNPs for several hunter-gatherer populations: the Hadza and Sandawe of Tanzania, and the not equal Khomani Bushmen of South Africa, including speakers of the nearly extinct Nlu language. We find that African hunter-gatherer populations today remain highly differentiated, encompassing major components of variation that are not found in other African populations. Hunter-gatherer populations also tend to have the lowest levels of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium among 27 African populations. We analyzed geographic patterns of linkage disequilibrium and population differentiation, as measured by F-ST, in Africa. The observed patterns are consistent with an origin of modern humans in southern Africa rather than eastern Africa, as is generally assumed. Additionally, genetic variation in African hunter-gatherer populations has been significantly affected by interaction with farmers and herders over the past 5,000 y, through both severe population bottlenecks and sex-biased migration. However, African hunter-gatherer populations continue to maintain the highest levels of genetic diversity in the world.