2 KINDS OF RESPECT
2 KINDS OF RESPECT
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DOI：
10.1086/292054
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
DARWALL, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DARWALL, SL
呼吁尊重是所有人都有权获得的东西，标志着最近对道德主题的思考。这种诉求在一般道德理论的著作和特定道德问题的著作中都很常见。例如，约翰·罗尔斯、伯纳德·威廉姆斯、大卫·高蒂尔、RS·唐尼和伊丽莎白·特尔弗等作家都提到，无论是在争论还是阐明各种道德原则时，所有人都应受到尊重。“这个想法并不是特别新，因为康德伦理学的基石之一是这样的观点，即尊重道德法则意味着始终将人（包括自己）视为目的本身，而不仅仅是手段。”康德的确切含义或应有的含义存在一些争议，但人们普遍认为，“人必须尊重人本身”也表达了同样的主张。 2 最近对种族主义或性别歧视等更具体的道德问题的讨论也体现了对尊重的诉求。例如，有人认为，看待他人和对待他人的各种方式，以及鼓励这些方式的社会安排，与所有人都应享有的尊重不一致。
An appeal to respect as something to which all persons are entitled marks much recent thought on moral topics. The appeal is common both in writings on general moral theory and in work on particular moral problems. For example, such writers as John Rawls, Bernard Williams, David Gauthier, RS Downie, and Elizabeth Telfer refer to the respect which is due all persons, either in arguing for or in articulating various moral principles.'The idea is not particularly new, since one of the keystones of Kant's ethics is the view that respect for the moral law entails treating persons (oneself included) always as ends in themselves and never simply as means. Precisely what Kant meant, or should have meant, by this is a matter of some controversy, but it is generally thought that the same claim is expressed in saying that one must respect persons as such. 2 The appeal to respect also figures in much recent discussion of more specific moral problems such as racism or sexism. For example, it is argued that various ways of regarding and behaving toward others, and social arrangements which encourage those ways, are inconsistent with the respect to which all persons are entitled.