Using soft polymer template engineering of mesoporous TiO2 scaffolds to increase perovskite grain size and solar cell efficiency.
Using soft polymer template engineering of mesoporous TiO2 scaffolds to increase perovskite grain size and solar cell efficiency.
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DOI：
10.1021/acsami.0c02248
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Qing Lian;M. Mokhtar;Dongdong Lu;Mingning Zhu;J. Jacobs;A. Foster;A. Thomas;B. Spencer;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qing Lian;M. Mokhtar;Dongdong Lu;Mingning Zhu;J. Jacobs;A. Foster;A. Thomas;B. Spencer;
介孔（meso）-TiO 2层是高效钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的关键组分。本文中，使用旋涂具有添加的软聚合物模板（SPT）的商业TiO 2纳米颗粒（NP）糊剂，然后在500 °C下去除SPT来制备孔径可控的介孔TiO 2层。SPT由溶胀的交联聚合物胶体（微凝胶，MG）或商业线性聚合物（表示为LIN）组成。MG和LIN由相同的聚合物组成，所述聚合物为聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAm）。采用大（L-MG）和小（S-MG）MG SPT研究模板尺寸的影响。SPT方法能够在一个沉积步骤中实现孔径工程。SPT/TiO 2纳米颗粒膜的孔径> 100 nm;而对照中孔TiO 2支架的平均孔径为37 nm。使用L-MG获得最大孔径。SPT工程以与SPT尺寸相同的顺序增加钙钛矿晶粒尺寸：LIN < S-MG < L-MG，并且这些晶粒尺寸大于使用对照获得的晶粒尺寸。SPT/TiO 2-器件的功率转换效率（PCE）比对照中孔-TiO 2器件高约20%，冠军S-MG器件的PCE为18.8%。据我们所知，这是使用孔径工程化TiO 2层制备的PSC所报告的最高PCE，也是使用ITO/介孔TiO 2制备的PSC的最高PCE之一。PCE的改善是由于SPT装置的增加的晶粒尺寸和更有效的光捕获。增加的晶粒尺寸也是SPT/TiO 2器件稳定性提高的原因。这里使用的SPT方法是简单的，可扩展的和通用的，也应该适用于其他PSC。
The mesoporous (meso)-TiO2 layer is a key component of high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, pore size controllable meso-TiO2 layers are prepared using spin coating of commercial TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) paste with added soft polymer templates (SPT) followed by removal of the SPT at 500 °C. The SPTs consist of swollen crosslinked polymer colloids (microgels, MGs) or a commercial linear polymer (denoted as LIN). The MGs and LIN were comprised of the same polymer, which was poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). Large (L-MG) and small (S-MG) MG SPTs were employed to study the effect of template size. The SPT approach enabled pore size engineering in one deposition step. The SPT/TiO2 nanoparticle films had pore sizes > 100 nm; whereas, the average pore size was 37 nm for the control meso-TiO2 scaffold. The largest pore sizes were obtained using L-MG. SPT engineering increased the perovskite grain size in the same order as the SPT sizes: LIN < S-MG < L-MG and these grain sizes were larger than obtained using the control. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the SPT/TiO2-devices were ~ 20% higher than that for the control meso-TiO2 device and the PCE of the champion S-MG device was 18.8%. This is the highest PCE reported for a PSC prepared using a pore-size engineered TiO2 layer to our knowledge and is also one of the highest for PSCs prepared using ITO/meso-TiO2. The PCE improvement is due to the increased grain size and more effective light harvesting of the SPT devices. The increased grain size was also responsible for the improved stability of the SPT/TiO2 devices. The SPT method used here is simple, scalable and versatile and should also apply to other PSCs.