Disentangling the drivers of continental mammalian endemism
Disentangling the drivers of continental mammalian endemism
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16628
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发表时间：
2023-02-16
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
McGuire，Jenny L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shipley，Benjamin R.;McGuire，Jenny L.
特有物种和分布范围小的物种在生态和进化上是独特的，很容易灭绝。确定大陆特有的非生物因子和生物因子结构模式可以促进我们对全球生物地理过程的理解，但哺乳动物特有的空间格局尚未得到有效的预测和重建。利用新的零模型技术，我们重建了哺乳动物地方性的趋势，并描述了地理、生态和进化因素对地方性的孤立和联合影响。我们计算了全球大陆生态区域的加权地方性，并将地方性的空间分布与基于生态位的地方性地理零模型进行了比较。这些零模型将物种随机分布在各大洲，根据它们的气候专门化程度模拟它们的范围大小。它们孤立了地形（地形和气候）和物种丰富度对地方性的影响。然后，我们运行线性和结构模型来确定地形和历史气候稳定性如何影响地方性。在地形粗糙、气候稳定、物种众多的生态区内，哺乳动物特有率最高。孤立地理特征的零模型与观察到的特有分布不接近（r2= .09），而结合地理特征和物种丰富度的零模型与观察到的特有分布接近（r2= .59）。线性模型表明，地形和气候稳定性都对特有值有影响，但平均气候生态位宽度与特有值的相关性不高。气候稳定性和地形都影响哺乳动物的加权特有性，但哺乳动物特有性的空间分布是由地形和物种丰富度共同驱动的。尽管气候生态位宽度与个体范围大小有一定关系，但平均气候生态位宽度对地方性的影响较弱。研究结果强调了历史生物地理过程（如物种形成中心）和地理在驱动特有格局中的重要性，并阐明了构建世界范围物种范围的机制。
Endemic species and species with small ranges are ecologically and evolutionarily distinct and are vulnerable to extinction. Determining which abiotic and biotic factors structure patterns of endemism on continents can advance our understanding of global biogeographic processes, but spatial patterns of mammalian endemism have not yet been effectively predicted and reconstructed. Using novel null model techniques, we reconstruct trends in mammalian endemism and describe the isolated and combined effects of physiographic, ecological, and evolutionary factors on endemism. We calculated weighted endemism for global continental ecoregions and compared the spatial distribution of endemism to niche‐based, geographic null models of endemism. These null models distribute species randomly across continents, simulating their range sizes from their degree of climatic specialization. They isolate the effects of physiography (topography and climate) and species richness on endemism. We then ran linear and structural models to determine how topography and historical climate stability influence endemism. The highest rates of mammalian endemism were found in topographically rough, climatically stable ecoregions with many species. The null model that isolated physiography did not closely approximate the observed distribution of endemism (r2= .09), whereas the null model that incorporated both physiography and species richness did (r2= .59). The linear models demonstrate that topography and climatic stability both influenced endemism values, but that average climatic niche breadth was not highly correlated with endemism. Climate stability and topography both influence weighted endemism in mammals, but the spatial distribution of mammalian endemism is driven by a combination of physiography and species richness. Despite its relationship to individual range size, average climate niche breadth has only a weak influence on endemism. The results highlight the importance of historical biogeographic processes (e.g. centers of speciation) and geography in driving endemism patterns, and disentangle the mechanisms structuring species ranges worldwide.