Tick-borne encephalitis - a review of current epidemiology, clinical symptoms, management and prevention.
Tick-borne encephalitis - a review of current epidemiology, clinical symptoms, management and prevention.
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DOI：
10.32394/pe.74.24
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sulik, Artur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bojkiewicz, Ewa;Toczylowski, Kacper;Sulik, Artur
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV），引起中枢神经系统感染，是欧洲和亚洲的主要健康问题。这种病毒主要通过蜱叮咬传播。然而，感染也可能由于食用生奶而发生。2018年，欧盟国家共报告了3092例蜱传脑炎（TBE）病例。近年来，TBE已出现在以前未受影响的地区;因此，新的流行区已被确定。大多数TBE病例发生在春季和秋季，这与蜱活动增加有关。TBE存在于所有年龄组，包括婴儿。TBE的临床表现各不相同，但感染的严重程度和并发症的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。脑炎后综合征影响高达50%的感染者，显著降低生活质量。目前，TBE没有有效的治疗方法，在疾病的急性期使用支持性管理。因此，抗TBE免疫接种和避免蜱叮咬在预防这种感染方面至关重要。
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which causes central nervous system infections, is a major health problem in Europe and Asia. This virus is transmitted mainly via the bite of a tick. However, an infection may also occur as a result of consuming raw milk. In 2018, a total of 3 092 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were reported in EU countries. In recent years, TBE has emerged in previously unaffected regions; thus, new endemic areas have been identified. Most cases of TBE occur in spring and autumn, which correlates with increased tick activity. TBE is found in all age groups, including infants. The clinical presentation of TBE varies, but the severity of the infection and risk of complications increase with age. Post-encephalitic syndrome, which affects up to 50% of infected individuals, significantly reduces quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for TBE, and supportive management is used in the acute phase of the disease. Therefore, anti-TBE immunization and the avoidance of tick bites are of key importance in preventing this infection.