Micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive functioning
Micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive functioning
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/133.11.3927s
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Black, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, MM
本文综述了碘、铁、锌和维生素B-12四种微量营养素缺乏与儿童认知功能的关系。妊娠期缺碘对发育中的胎儿有负面和不可逆的影响。尽管有一些证据表明出生后碘缺乏与认知缺陷有关，但研究结果仍存在争议。缺铁是普遍存在的，并已与认知缺陷，但预防试验的结果是不一致的。锌缺乏与最脆弱儿童的活动量低和运动发育迟缓有关。与认知发展的关联不太清楚，可能仅限于特定的神经心理过程。维生素B-12缺乏与老年人的认知问题有关，但对儿童认知功能的影响知之甚少。维生素B-12缺乏率可能很高，因为动物产品是维生素B-12的唯一来源。虽然微量营养素缺乏症往往与贫穷同时发生，但人们对多种微量营养素缺乏症对认知发展的影响知之甚少。
The relationship between four micronutrient deficiencies (iodine, iron, zinc and vitamin B-12) and children's cognitive functioning is reviewed. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy has negative and irreversible effects on the developing fetus. Although there is some evidence that postnatal iodine deficiency is associated with cognitive deficits, the findings are controversial. Iron deficiency is widespread and has been associated to cognitive deficits, but the results of prevention trials are inconsistent. Zinc deficiency has been linked with low activity and depressed motor development among the most vulnerable children. Associations with cognitive development are less clear and may be limited to specific neuropsychological processes. Vitamin B-12 deficiency has been associated with cognitive problems among the elderly, but little is known about its effect on children's cognitive functioning. Rates of vitamin B-12 deficiency are likely to be high because animal products are the only source of vitamin B-12. Although micronutrient deficiencies often co-occur in the context of poverty, little is known about the impact of multiple micronutrient deficiencies on cognitive development.