Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Regional Cortical Surface Area in Humans: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Twin Study
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Regional Cortical Surface Area in Humans: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Twin Study
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhr013
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kremen, William S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eyler, Lisa T.;Prom-Wormley, Elizabeth;Kremen, William S.
与皮质厚度等其他大小特征相比，皮质表面积测量在病因、发育和行为方面似乎具有功能相关性和独特的相关性。关于遗传和环境对人类区域表面积个体差异的影响，人们知之甚少。使用大样本成年双胞胎，我们确定了基因和环境对局部皮质表面积变化的相对贡献，这是通过磁共振成像测量的，调整了与总皮质表面积相同的遗传和环境影响前后。我们发现总表面积的遗传力很高，调整前区域表面积的遗传力中等。与其他脑叶相比，额叶遗传度较高，内侧颞叶遗传度较低。在对总表面积进行调整后，区域特有的遗传影响显著减少，尽管在大多数地区仍然显著。与其他脑叶不同的是，调整后的左额叶遗传力仍然很高。因此，全球性和地区性遗传因素都会影响皮质表面积。这些发现与关于皮质模式进化和发展的动物研究结果大体一致，并可能指导未来对特定区域人类表面积变异的特定环境和遗传决定因素的研究。
Cortical surface area measures appear to be functionally relevant and distinct in etiology, development, and behavioral correlates compared with other size characteristics, such as cortical thickness. Little is known about genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in regional surface area in humans. Using a large sample of adult twins, we determined relative contributions of genes and environment on variations in regional cortical surface area as measured by magnetic resonance imaging before and after adjustment for genetic and environmental influences shared with total cortical surface area. We found high heritability for total surface area and, before adjustment, moderate heritability for regional surface areas. Compared with other lobes, heritability was higher for frontal lobe and lower for medial temporal lobe. After adjustment for total surface area, regionally specific genetic influences were substantially reduced, although still significant in most regions. Unlike other lobes, left frontal heritability remained high after adjustment. Thus, global and regionally specific genetic factors both influence cortical surface areas. These findings are broadly consistent with results from animal studies regarding the evolution and development of cortical patterning and may guide future research into specific environmental and genetic determinants of variation among humans in the surface area of particular regions.