Prokaryotes: The unseen majority
Prokaryotes: The unseen majority
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578
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发表时间：
1998-06-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wiebe, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitman, WB;Coleman, DC;Wiebe, WJ
地球上原核生物的数量和它们的细胞碳总量估计分别为4-6 × 10（30）个细胞和350-550 pg C（1 pg = 10（15）g）。因此，原核生物的碳总量是植物中估计总碳量的60-100%，将原核生物碳纳入全球模型将使活生物体中储存的碳量估计值几乎翻一番。此外，地球上的原核生物含有85-130 Pg的N和9-14 Pg的P，或比植物多10倍的这些营养素，并且代表了这些营养素的最大库：在生物体中。地球上大部分的原核生物存在于开阔的海洋、土壤、海洋和陆地的地下，细胞数量分别为1.2 × 10（29）、2.6 × 10（29）、3.5 × 10（30）和0.25-2.5 × 10（30）。异养原核生物的数量在上层200米的开放的海洋，海洋200米以下，和土壤是一致的平均周转时间为6-25天，0.8年，2.5年，分别。尽管存在很大的不确定性，但地下原核生物的平均周转时间估计为1- 2x 10（3）年。地球上所有原核生物的细胞生产率估计为1.7 × 10（30）个细胞/年，在开阔的海洋中最高。原核生物庞大的种群规模和快速增长为遗传多样性提供了巨大的容量。
The number of prokaryotes and the total amount of their cellular carbon on earth are estimated to be 4-6 x 10(30) cells and 350-550 Pg of C (1 pg = 10(15) g), respectively. Thus, the total amount of prokaryotic carbon is 60-100% of the estimated total carbon in plants, and inclusion of prokaryotic carbon in global models will almost double estimates of the amount of carbon stored in living organisms. In addition, the earth's prokaryotes contain 85-130 Pg of N and 9-14 Pg of P, or about 10-fold more of these nutrients than do plants, and represent the largest pool of these nutrients: in living organisms. Most of the earth's prokaryotes occur in the open ocean, in soil, and in oceanic and terrestrial subsurface, where the numbers of cells are 1.2 x 10(29), 2.6 x 10(29), 3.5 x 10(30), and 0.25-2.5 x 10(30), respectively. The numbers of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the upper 200 m of the open ocean, the ocean below 200 m, and soil are consistent with average turnover times of 6-25 days, 0.8 yr, and 2.5 yr, respectively. Although subject to a great deal of uncertainty, the estimate for the average turnover time of prokaryotes in the subsurface is on the order of 1-2 x 10(3) yr. The cellular production-rate for all prokaryotes on earth is estimated at 1.7 x 10(30) cells/yr and is highest in the open ocean. The large population size and rapid growth of prokaryotes provides an enormous capacity for genetic diversity.