Ancient plant use at the site of Yuergou, Xinjiang, China: implications from desiccated and charred plant remains
Ancient plant use at the site of Yuergou, Xinjiang, China: implications from desiccated and charred plant remains
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中国新疆玉儿沟遗址的古代植物利用：干燥和烧焦的植物遗骸的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00334-012-0365-z
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Li, Cheng-Sen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Hongen;Wu, Yong;Li, Cheng-Sen
在位于中国新疆吐鲁番盆地的岳尔沟遗址进行了考古植物学研究，该遗址的年代约为公元前2300-2400年，共鉴定出21个分类群。鉴定出4种谷物遗迹，分别为小麦（Triticum aestivum）、普通小麦（Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste）、粟粒小麦（Panicum milium）和意大利狗尾草（Setaria italica）。前三种可能是人工种植的，后一种可能不是人为种植的，而可能是与千芽草一起生长的。人们还发现了一颗红枣果核，这表明当时可能在遗址周围种植了红枣。发现了云杉属的木炭，来自土著人用作燃料的木材。还鉴定出15个野生植物分类群，其中大部分可视为杂草，生长在遗址附近。发现了苍耳菌的刺。由于几乎所有的种子都碎了，这些种子可能被古代居民使用过。由于大部分谷物残留物是由谷壳组成的，所以它们一定是副产品。此外，紫锥藻的籽粒也可能被开发为补充食物资源。这些都表明，栽培植物和野生植物都被用作谷物、燃料或其他用途，植物资源在玉耳沟遗址古代居民的日常生活中发挥了重要作用。
Archaeobotanical studies were undertaken at the Yuergou site, which is located in the Turpan basin in Xinjiang, China, and which has been dated to around 2300-2400 years b.p. Altogether 21 taxa were identified. Four cereal remains were identified, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica. The first three were probably cultivated while the last one may not have been grown deliberately, but probably grew together with plants of P. miliaceum. A fruit stone of Ziziphus jujuba (Chinese date) was discovered, which showed that this may have been cultivated around the site during that time. Charcoal of Picea sp. was found, from wood which must have been used as fuel by the indigenous people. Fifteen taxa of wild plants were also identified, most of which can be considered as weeds, and which grew near the site. Burs of Xanthium strumarium were discovered. As nearly all of them were broken, the seeds may have been used by the ancient inhabitants. Since most of the cereal remains consisted of chaff, they must represent by-products. Furthermore, grains of Echinochloa crus-galli may also have been exploited as complementary food resources. All the above indicate that both cultivated and wild plants were used for cereals, fuel, or other purposes, and plant resources played important roles in the daily life of the ancient inhabitants of the Yuergou site.