Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes
Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes
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DOI：
10.1101/gr.6282807
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Parkhill, Julian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sebaihia, Mohammed;Peck, Michael W.;Parkhill, Julian
肉毒梭菌（Clostridium botulinum）是一种异质的革兰氏阳性菌种，其包括四种遗传和生理学上不同的细菌群，这些细菌群具有产生肉毒杆菌神经毒素的能力，肉毒杆菌神经毒素是人类已知的毒性最大的毒素，并且是肉毒杆菌中毒的病原体，肉毒杆菌中毒是人类和动物的严重疾病。我们在这里报告的完整的基因组序列的代表组I（蛋白水解）C。肉毒杆菌（菌株Hall A，ATCC 3502）。基因组由染色体（3，886，916 bp）和质粒（16，344 bp）组成，它们分别携带3650和19个预测基因。与该菌株的蛋白水解表型一致，基因组含有大量编码分泌蛋白酶和参与氨基酸摄取和代谢的酶的基因。基因组还揭示了C.肉毒杆菌降解几丁质。最近获得的DNA明显缺乏，表明基因组含量稳定，与艰难梭菌的流体基因组形成强烈对比，艰难梭菌可以与其宿主形成长期关系。总的来说，基因组表明C。肉毒杆菌适应于土壤和水生环境中的寄生虫生活方式。这种病原体依靠其毒素迅速杀死广泛的猎物物种，并获得营养来源，它释放大量的胞外酶来软化和破坏腐烂或腐烂的组织。
Clostridium botulinum is a heterogeneous Gram-positive species that comprises four genetically and physiologically distinct groups of bacteria that share the ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin, the most poisonous toxin known to man, and the causative agent of botulism, a severe disease of humans and animals. We report here the complete genome sequence of a representative of Group I (proteolytic) C. botulinum (strain Hall A, ATCC 3502). The genome consists of a chromosome (3,886,916 bp) and a plasmid (16,344 bp), which carry 3650 and 19 predicted genes, respectively. Consistent with the proteolytic phenotype of this strain, the genome harbors a large number of genes encoding secreted proteases and enzymes involved in uptake and metabolism of amino acids. The genome also reveals a hitherto unknown ability of C. botulinum to degrade chitin. There is a significant lack of recently acquired DNA, indicating a stable genomic content, in strong contrast to the fluid genome of Clostridium difficile, which can form longer-term relationships with its host. Overall, the genome indicates that C. botulinum is adapted to a saprophytic lifestyle both in soil and aquatic environments. This pathogen relies on its toxin to rapidly kill a wide range of prey species, and to gain access to nutrient sources, it releases a large number of extracellular enzymes to soften and destroy rotting or decayed tissues.