Barrier Island Erosion and Protection in Louisiana: A Coastal Geomorphological Perspective
Barrier Island Erosion and Protection in Louisiana: A Coastal Geomorphological Perspective
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路易斯安那州的障壁岛侵蚀与保护：沿海地貌学视角
DOI：
10.1306/703c98ca-1707-11d7-8645000102c1865d
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
J. Suter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Penland;J. Suter
路易斯安那州是美国海岸侵蚀和土地流失率最高的地区。沿海土地损失率超过50平方米/年。路易斯安那州的屏障岛屿，其存在创造并维持了一个广泛的河口系统，并保护盐沼免受开放的墨西哥湾波浪能量的影响，正在迅速消失，面积减少，并以每年65英尺的速度向陆地迁移。在1898年至1978年之间，路易斯安那州的堰洲岛面积减少了41%，从37平方英里缩小到22平方英里。个别屏障岛屿系统的预期寿命从Dernieres群岛的30年到Chandeleur群岛的225年不等。障壁岛的消失将导致障壁形成的河口的破坏和加速盐沼的恶化。这种破坏将严重影响渔业、毛皮和水禽业，估计每年价值10亿美元，其收成依赖于这些脆弱的河口提供的栖息地。了解海岸地貌过程，自然和人为引起的，控制障壁岛侵蚀，河口恶化，并在密西西比河三角洲平原盐行军损失是必不可少的，在评估目前设想或正在使用的各种海岸保护方法的性能。以前在海岸保护和恢复方面的尝试表明，加强自然过程而不是对抗自然过程的综合方法是最有效的。高速公路是按照定期的维修计划建造的，同样的概念也适用于沿海地区。保护和恢复我们的海岸环境需要一个动态的景观维护计划，定期安排海滩营养，屏障恢复，滨面营养，植被和海岸改造项目。
ABSTRACT Louisiana has the highest rates of coastal erosion and land loss in the United States. Rates of coastal land loss exceed 50 mi2/yr. Lousiana's barrier islands, whose presence creates and maintains an extensive estuarine system and protects the salt marshes from the wave energy of the open Gulf of Mexico are rapidly vanishing, decreasing in area and migrating landward at rates up to 65ft/yr. Between 1898 and 1978, Louisiana's barrier islands decreased in area by 41 percent, shrinking from 37 mi2 to 22 mi2. The life-expectancy of individual barrier islands systems ranges between 30 years for the Isles Dernieres and 225 years for the Chandeleur Islands. Disappearance of the barrier islands will result in destruction of the barrier-built estuaries and accelerated salt marsh deterioration. Such destruction will severely impact the fishery, fur, and waterfowl industries, valued at an estimated $1 billion per year, whose harvests depend on the habitat provided by these fragile estuaries. Understanding the coastal geomorphological processes, both natural and human-induced, that control barrier island erosion, estuary deterioration, and salt march loss in the Mississippi River delta plain is essential in evaluating the performance of the various coastal protection methods currently envisioned or being employed. Previous attempts at coastal preservation and restoration have shown that an integrated approach that enhances natural processes, rather than combatting them, is the most effective. Highways are built with regularly scheduled maintenance programs and this same concept should be applied to the coastal zone. Preservation and restoration of our coastal environments requires a dynamic landscape maintenance program of regularly scheduled beach nourishment, barrier restoration, shoreface nourishment, vegetation, and coastal modification projects.