Use of a fixed-base driving simulator to evaluate the effects of experience and PC-based risk awareness training on drivers' decisions
Use of a fixed-base driving simulator to evaluate the effects of experience and PC-based risk awareness training on drivers' decisions
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DOI：
10.1518/0018720024497853
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Brock, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, DL;Laurie, NE;Brock, J
驾驶员教育课程一度被视为年轻驾驶员过度卷入车祸的补救措施，但 20 世纪 70 年代初的研究结果令人失望。直到最近，教学内容或方法才发生了一些变化；但这可能会迅速改变。个人计算机 (PC) 现在可以呈现危险、认知要求高的交通场景的视频或逼真模拟，这些场景需要快速响应，而不会让参与者面临风险。随着此类计划的激增，评估其有效性提出了重大挑战。我们报告了使用固定底座驾驶模拟器来研究道路经验和基于 PC 的风险意识培训对年轻驾驶员在危险交通场景中的部分任务模拟器驾驶表现的影响。我们在模拟器上测试了三组驾驶员：一组首先在 PC 上进行了培训（年轻、缺乏经验的驾驶员），两组没有接受过 PC 培训（年轻、缺乏经验和经验丰富的驾驶员）。总体而言，接受过电脑培训的年轻、缺乏经验的驾驶员在危险场景中操作车辆的方式与未经培训的年轻、经验不足的驾驶员的方式明显不同，更重要的是，考虑到平均而言，他们的行为与未经培训的经验丰富的驾驶员的行为更相似，我们认为这种方式会减少他们面临的风险。需要更多的研究来证明这些发现是否适用于面向更多年轻驾驶员的开放道路。然而，至少在最初阶段，研究表明基于电脑的风险意识培训计划有可能降低年轻、缺乏经验的驾驶员的高事故率。
Driver education classes were once seen as a remedy for young drivers' over-involvement in crashes, but research results from the early 1970s were disappointing. Few changes in the content or methods of instruction occurred until recently; but this could change rapidly. Personal computers (PCs) can now present videos or photorealistic simulations of risky, cognitively demanding traffic scenarios that require quick responses without putting the participant at risk. As such programs proliferate, evaluating their effectiveness poses a major challenge. We report the use of a fixed-base driving simulator to study the effects of both experience on the road and PC-based risk awareness training on younger drivers' part-task simulator driving performance in risky traffic scenarios. We ran three groups of drivers on the simulator: one group first trained on the PC (younger, inexperienced drivers) and two groups who received no PC training (younger, inexperienced and experienced drivers). Overall, the younger, inexperienced drivers who were trained on a PC operated their vehicles in risky scenarios in ways that differed measurably from those of the untrained younger, inexperienced drivers and, more important, in ways that we believe would decrease their exposure to risk considering that, on average, their behavior was more similar to the behavior of the untrained, experienced drivers. More research is needed to demonstrate whether these findings apply on the open road to the larger population of younger drivers. However, at least initially, the research suggests that PC-based risk awareness training programs have the potential to reduce the high crash rate among younger, inexperienced drivers.