Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic.
Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2107387118
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发表时间：
2021-10-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fukai Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson DM;Fachon E;Pickart RS;Lin P;Fischer AD;Richlen ML;Uva V;Brosnahan ML;McRaven L;Bahr F;Lefebvre K;Grebmeier JM;Danielson SL;Lyu Y;Fukai Y
产生神经毒素的甲藻链状亚历山大藻广泛分布于阿拉斯加北极地区的底层沉积物和表层沃茨，且浓度很高。鉴于水文和水深特征支持细胞和孢囊的高积累，以及温度升高促进底部沉积物中孢囊的水华开始和表层沃茨中细胞分裂，未来的水华可能是大规模和频繁的。随着该区域经历前所未有的制度转变，异常广泛和密集的包囊和细胞分布对严重依赖海洋资源生存捕捞的北极社区构成了重大威胁。这些观察结果还突出表明，变暖如何促进有害藻华物种的范围扩大到以前温度不适宜的沃茨。随着气温上升和海冰减少，有毒藻类在北极沃茨中扩散并繁殖，这是一组有害的藻华物种，可产生强效生物毒素。链状亚历山大藻是一种包囊形成的甲藻，在世界范围内引起麻痹性贝类中毒，几个世纪以来一直是阿拉斯加东南部人类健康的重大威胁。据了解，这种生物通过白令海峡向北过境的沃茨进入北极地区，但很少有人认识到这种生物对海峡以北的人类健康构成威胁。在这里，我们描述一个异常大的A。catenella底栖孢囊床和水文条件横跨楚科奇海，支持萌发和发展的经常性，当地起源和自我播种开花。两个突出的包囊聚集带是弱循环促进沉积的结果。该物种的囊浓度是全球报道的最高的，囊床的面积至少是其他物种的6倍。这些非凡的积累归因于平流南方水华的重复输入和局部囊肿的形成和沉积。在过去的二十年中，变暖可能增加了两倍的萌发通量的大小和提前到透光区的细胞接种的时间由20天。现在的条件也有利于表层沃茨的水华发展。该地区准备支持每年经常性的A。链孢菌大规模开花，对阿拉斯加北极社区的公众和生态系统健康构成重大和令人担忧的威胁，这些社区的经济是以生存为基础的。
The neurotoxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is shown to be distributed widely and at high concentrations in bottom sediments and surface waters of the Alaskan Arctic. Future blooms are likely to be large and frequent given hydrographic and bathymetric features that support high cell and cyst accumulations, and warming temperatures that promote bloom initiation from cysts in bottom sediments and cell division in surface waters. As the region undergoes an unprecedented regime shift, the exceptionally widespread and dense cyst and cell distributions represent a significant threat to Arctic communities that are heavily dependent upon subsistence harvesting of marine resources. These observations also highlight how warming can facilitate range expansions of harmful algal bloom species into waters where temperatures were formerly unfavorable. Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide, has been a significant threat to human health in southeastern Alaska for centuries. It is known to be transported into Arctic regions in waters transiting northward through the Bering Strait, yet there is little recognition of this organism as a human health concern north of the Strait. Here, we describe an exceptionally large A. catenella benthic cyst bed and hydrographic conditions across the Chukchi Sea that support germination and development of recurrent, locally originating and self-seeding blooms. Two prominent cyst accumulation zones result from deposition promoted by weak circulation. Cyst concentrations are among the highest reported globally for this species, and the cyst bed is at least 6× larger in area than any other. These extraordinary accumulations are attributed to repeated inputs from advected southern blooms and to localized cyst formation and deposition. Over the past two decades, warming has likely increased the magnitude of the germination flux twofold and advanced the timing of cell inoculation into the euphotic zone by 20 d. Conditions are also now favorable for bloom development in surface waters. The region is poised to support annually recurrent A. catenella blooms that are massive in scale, posing a significant and worrisome threat to public and ecosystem health in Alaskan Arctic communities where economies are subsistence based.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104781
发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Danielson, S. L.;Ahkinga, O.;Weingartner, T. J.
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2015-08-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
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影响因子：
6.6
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Montresor M
DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.10.002
发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
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Butman, Bradford
DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.004
发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Smith, KW