Stressor categorization: acute physical and psychological stressors elicit distinctive recruitment patterns in the amygdala and in medullary noradrenergic cell groups
Stressor categorization: acute physical and psychological stressors elicit distinctive recruitment patterns in the amygdala and in medullary noradrenergic cell groups
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DOI：
10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01733.x
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Day, TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dayas, CV;Buller, KM;Day, TA
据推测，大脑对压力源进行分类，并利用根据指定类别而变化的神经反应途径。如果这是真的，那么压力应该会引起大脑中神经元激活的模式，这些模式是特定于类别的。早期基因表达图谱研究的数据已经暗示了这一点，但是研究方法的差异使得结论变得脆弱。在本研究中，c-fos的表达的免疫标记被用来作为一个标记的神经元活动引起的大鼠脑出血，免疫挑战，噪音，限制和强迫游泳。所有的应激源引起c-fos的表达在下丘脑室旁核促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子细胞的25-30%，这表明这些刺激的强度相当，至少就其激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的能力。在杏仁核，出血和免疫挑战都引起了c-fos的表达在大量的杏仁核中央核的神经元，而噪音，约束和强迫游泳主要引起杏仁核内侧核内的细胞的招聘。在髓质中，所有的应激源招募相似数量的去甲肾上腺素能（A1和A2）和肾上腺素能（C1和C2）细胞。然而，出血和免疫挑战引起c-fos的表达在亚群的A1和A2去甲肾上腺素能细胞，显着更喙比那些招募噪音，约束或强迫游泳。目前的数据支持的建议，大脑认识到至少两个主要类别的压力，这是我们所提到的“物理”和“心理”。此外，目前的数据表明，由压力源留在大脑中的神经激活足迹可以用于确定大脑将它们分配到的类别。
It has been hypothesized that the brain categorizes stressors and utilizes neural response pathways that vary in accordance with the assigned category. If this is true, stressors should elicit patterns of neuronal activation within the brain that are category-specific. Data from previous Immediate-early gene expression mapping studies have hinted that this is the case, but interstudy differences in methodology render conclusions tenuous. In the present study, immunolabelling for the expression of c-fos was used as a marker of neuronal activity elicited in the rat brain by haemorrhage, immune challenge, noise, restraint and forced swim. All stressors elicited c-fos expression in 25-30% of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus corticotrophin-releasing-factor cells, suggesting that these stimuli were of comparable strength, at least with regard to their ability to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad renal axis. In the amygdala, haemorrhage and immune challenge both elicited c-fos expression in a large number of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala, whereas noise, restraint and forced swim primarily elicited recruitment of cells within the medial nucleus of the amygdala. In the medulla, all stressors recruited similar numbers of noradrenergic (A1 and A2) and adrenergic (C1 and C2) cells. However, haemorrhage and immune challenge elicited c-fos expression In subpopulations of A1 and A2 noradrenergic cells that were significantly more rostral than those recruited by noise, restraint or forced swim. The present data support the suggestion that the brain recognizes at least two major categories of stressor, which we have referred to as 'physical' and 'psychological'. Moreover, the present data suggest that the neural activation footprint that is left in the brain by stressors can be used to determine the category to which they have been assigned by the brain.