Long-term carbon intensity reduction potential of K-12 school buildings in the United States
Long-term carbon intensity reduction potential of K-12 school buildings in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112802
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Yizhi Yang;Yingli Lou;C. Payne;Y. Ye;W. Zuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yizhi Yang;Yingli Lou;C. Payne;Y. Ye;W. Zuo
学校建筑每年排放约7200万吨，具有巨大的碳减排潜力。目前，超过 30% 的校舍建于 1960 年之前，且性能不佳。为了通过校舍改造有效减少碳排放，政策制定者了解不同地区校舍改造的碳强度降低潜力至关重要。因此，本研究开发了一种方法来综合评估美国大陆以县为基础的聚合商业建筑的长期碳强度降低潜力，我们将该方法应用于K-12学校建筑，包括中小学建筑。本文预测了 2022 年至 2050 年美国大陆采用 8 项建筑改造措施的 K-12 校舍的碳强度降低潜力。结果揭示了几个有趣的发现：（1）2022 年至 2050 年美国约 3,000 个县中，每个县改造 K-12 校舍的碳强度降低潜力范围为 0.41 kg/m2 40.00 公斤/平方米。 （2）即使在同一气候区，2022年至2050年碳强度降低潜力的趋势也因电力来源的不同而不同。例如，在炎热潮湿的气候区，佛罗里达州的碳强度降低潜力将在2044年至2048年期间下降。而在密西西比州，由于核能使用的终止，2044年至2046年的碳强度降低潜力将增加。 (3) 一般来说，在大多数州，降低照明功率密度会导致更多的碳强度降低，但对于清洁能源普及率较高的州，例如华盛顿州，这可能并不适用。
School buildings have a great potential for carbon emission reduction since their annual emission is about 72 million metric tons. Currently, more than 30 % of school buildings were built before 1960 and are underperforming. To effectively reduce carbon emissions via school building retrofits, it is critical for policymakers to understand the carbon intensity reduction potential of retrofitting school buildings in different regions. Hence, this study develops a method to comprehensively assess the long-term carbon intensity reduction potential of aggregated commercial buildings on a county-by-county basis in the continental U.S. We apply this method to the K-12 school buildings including primary and secondary school buildings. This paper predicts the carbon intensity reduction potential of K-12 school buildings with eight building retrofit measures from 2022 to 2050 in the continental U.S. The results reveal several interesting findings: (1) In the approximately 3,000 counties of the U.S. from 2022 to 2050, the carbon intensity reduction potential of retrofitting K-12 school buildings in each county ranges from 0.41 kg/m2to 40.00 kg/m2. (2) Even in the same climate zone, the trends of carbon intensity reduction potential from 2022 to 2050 are different depending on their electricity sources. For example, in a hot and humid climate zone, the carbon intensity reduction potential in Florida will decrease from 2044 to 2048. However, in Mississippi, the carbon intensity reduction potential from 2044 to 2046 will increase due to the termination of the nuclear energy usage. (3) Generally, reducing lighting power density leads to more carbon intensity reduction in most states, but it might not be applicable for states with high clean energy penetration, such as Washington.