Men and Women Are From Earth: Examining the Latent Structure of Gender
Men and Women Are From Earth: Examining the Latent Structure of Gender
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DOI：
10.1037/a0030437
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Reis, Harry T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carothers, Bobbi J.;Reis, Harry T.
分类学方法能够确定一个结构的潜在结构是维度的还是分类的（非任意类别）。虽然性别作为一个生物学范畴是分类的，但心理学上的性别差异并没有以这种方式进行研究。分类方法的平均值以上减去以下切割，最大特征值，和潜在的模式被用来调查是否性别是分类或尺寸。定型的爱好和生理特征（体力，人体测量）的行为措施进行了检查验证的目的，并按性别分类。心理指标包括性和交配（性态度和行为、择偶、社会性取向）、人际取向（同理心、关系相互依存的自我建构）、性别相关倾向（男性气质、女性气质、关怀取向、纯粹的交流、对成功的恐惧、科学倾向、大五人格）和亲密度（亲密原型和阶段、社会规定、与最好的朋友的亲密度）。根据斯宾塞（Spence，1993）的性别认同理论，建构是维度的，几乎没有例外。男女之间的平均差异是没有争议的，但性别的维度表明，这些差异是不适合诊断性别的基础上典型的心理变量。
Taxometric methods enable determination of whether the latent structure of a construct is dimensional or taxonic (nonarbitrary categories). Although sex as a biological category is taxonic, psychological gender differences have not been examined in this way. The taxometric methods of mean above minus below a cut, maximum eigenvalue, and latent mode were used to investigate whether gender is taxonic or dimensional. Behavioral measures of stereotyped hobbies and physiological characteristics (physical strength, anthropometric measurements) were examined for validation purposes, and were taxonic by sex. Psychological indicators included sexuality and mating (sexual attitudes and behaviors, mate selectivity, sociosexual orientation), interpersonal orientation (empathy, relational-interdependent self-construal), gender-related dispositions (masculinity, femininity, care orientation, unmitigated communion, fear of success, science inclination, Big Five personality), and intimacy (intimacy prototypes and stages, social provisions, intimacy with best friend). Constructs were with few exceptions dimensional, speaking to Spence's (1993) gender identity theory. Average differences between men and women are not under dispute, but the dimensionality of gender indicates that these differences are inappropriate for diagnosing gender-typical psychological variables on the basis of sex.