Long-term halocarbon observations from a coastal and an inland site in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Long-term halocarbon observations from a coastal and an inland site in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
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马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴沿海和内陆地点的长期卤碳观测
DOI：
10.5194/acp-14-8369-2014
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
J. Pyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Robinson;N. Harris;M. Ashfold;B. Gostlow;N. Warwick;L. M. O’Brien;E. J. Beardmore;M. Nadzir;S. Phang;A. Samah;S. Ong;H. Ung;L. Peng;S. E. Yong;M. Mohamad;J. Pyle
短寿命的卤烃被认为是热带地区的重要来源，在热带地区，快速的垂直运输可能是平流层的重要来源。在这项研究中，准连续测量短寿命的卤化碳报告两个热带站点在沙巴（马来西亚婆罗洲），一个沿海和一个内陆（雨林）。本文介绍了2008年11月至2010年1月使用我们的µDirac气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）对C2Cl 4、CHBr 3、CH 2Br 2（实际上80%CH2Br2和20%CHBrCl2）和CH 3 I的观测结果。我们专注于前15个月的观测，显示了每种化合物的一个年周期，因此大大增加了迄今为止在东南亚进行的少数有限持续时间的观测研究。两个地点C2Cl 4行为的主要特征是其年周期，冬季受较高浓度的偏北气流影响，典型代表北方半球，夏季受代表南半球的偏南气流影响，浓度较低。对于CHBr 3、CH 2Br 2或CH 3 I，没有看到这种明确的年周期。CHBr 3和CH 2Br 2的基线值在沿海地区相似（总体中位数：CHBr 3 1.7 ppt，CH 2Br 2 1.4 ppt）和内陆站点（CHBr 3 1.6 ppt，CH 2Br 2 1.1 ppt），但在海岸观察到数值升高的周期（总体第95百分位数：CHBr 3 4.4 ppt，CH 2Br 2 1.9 ppt），可能是由于沿海排放的影响更大。（CHBr 3 Dad 3）+（CH 2Br 2 Dad 2）的溴值总体中值在沿海为8.0 ppt，内陆为6.8 ppt。这里报告的中值与其他有限的热带数据基本一致，并表明东南亚一般不是这些化合物排放的热点。这些基线值与使用p-TOMCAT（图卢兹离线化学和运输模型）模型在东南亚发现的最新排放量一致。CH 3 I仅在沿海地区观测到，是本研究中测得的寿命最短的化合物，观测到的大气变化反映了这一点，在整个研究期间变化很大。
Short-lived halocarbons are believed to have im- portant sources in the tropics, where rapid vertical trans- port could provide a significant source to the stratosphere. In this study, quasi-continuous measurements of short-lived halocarbons are reported for two tropical sites in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), one coastal and one inland (rainforest). We present the observations for C2Cl4, CHBr3, CH2Br 2 (ac- tually 80 % CH2Br2 and 20 % CHBrCl2) and CH3I from November 2008 to January 2010 made using ourµDirac gas chromatographs with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). We focus on the first 15 months of observations, show- ing over one annual cycle for each compound and there- fore adding significantly to the few limited-duration obser- vational studies that have been conducted thus far in south- east Asia. The main feature in the C2Cl4 behaviour at both sites is its annual cycle, with the winter months being in- fluenced by northerly flow with higher concentrations, typ- ical of the Northern Hemisphere, and with the summer months influenced by southerly flow and lower concentra- tions representative of the Southern Hemisphere. No such clear annual cycle is seen for CHBr3, CH2Br 2 or CH3I. The baseline values for CHBr3 and CH2Br 2 are similar at the coastal (overall median: CHBr3 1.7 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.4 ppt) and inland sites (CHBr3 1.6 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.1 ppt), but pe- riods with elevated values are seen at the coast (overall 95th percentile: CHBr3 4.4 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.9 ppt), presum- ably resulting from the stronger influence of coastal emis- sions. Overall median bromine values from (CHBr3 ◊ 3) + (CH2Br 2 ◊ 2) are 8.0 ppt at the coast and 6.8 ppt inland. The median values reported here are largely consistent with other limited tropical data and imply that southeast Asia gener- ally is not, as has been suggested, a hot spot for emissions of these compounds. These baseline values are consistent with the most recent emissions found for southeast Asia us- ing the p-TOMCAT (Toulouse Off-line Model of Chemistry And Transport) model. CH3I, which is only observed at the coastal site, is the shortest-lived compound measured in this study, and the observed atmospheric variations reflect this, with high variability throughout the study period.
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