THE SOCIAL-STRATIFICATION OF AGING AND HEALTH
THE SOCIAL-STRATIFICATION OF AGING AND HEALTH
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DOI：
10.2307/2137277
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
HERZOG, AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOUSE, JS;LEPKOWSKI, JM;HERZOG, AR
健康随年龄变化的方式在很大程度上取决于社会经济地位（SES），特别是教育和收入。先前的理论和横断面数据表明，在社会经济地位较高的人群中，健康问题的发作通常推迟到相当晚的时候，而在社会经济地位较低的人群中，健康状况普遍在中年时下降。因此，社会经济地位在健康方面的差异在成年早期很小，但随着年龄的增长而增加，直到相对较晚的时候，由于健康风险和保护的选择或更大程度上的平等，这种差异会减弱。本文通过表明：(1)以前报道的社会经济地位指数的结果分别适用于教育和收入，加强了我们对这些现象的因果和解释性理解；(2)年龄与社会经济地位（即教育或收入）在预测健康方面的相互作用，基本上可以解释为社会经济地位较低的人更多地接触到各种社会心理风险因素，特别是在中老年和老年早期，并且这些风险因素对健康的影响在较小程度上随着年龄的增长而增加；(3)结果(1)和(2)在短期纵向和截面数据中普遍成立。对科学和政策在老龄化，健康和社会分层领域的影响进行了讨论。
The way health varies with age is importantly stratified by socioeconomic status (SES)-specifically, education and income. Prior theory and cross-sectional data suggest that among higher SES persons the onset of health problems is usually postponed until rather late in life, while health declines are prevalent in lower SES groups by middle age. Thus, SES differences in health are small in early adulthood, but increase with age until relatively late in life, when they diminish due to selection or greater equalization of health risks and protections. The present paper strengthens our causal and interpretive understanding of these phenomena by showing: (1) that results previously reported for indices of SES hold separately for education and income; (2) that the interaction between age and SES (i.e., education or income) in predicting health can be substantially explained by the greater exposure of lower SES persons to a wide range of psychosocial risk factors to health, especially in middle and early old age, and, to a lesser degree, the greater impact of these risk factors on health with age; and (3) that results (1) and (2) generally hold in short-term longitudinal as well as in cross-sectional data. Implications for science and policy in the areas of aging, health, and social stratification are discussed.