Weaknesses in the Supply Chain: Who Packed the Box?
Weaknesses in the Supply Chain: Who Packed the Box?
复制标题
供应链的弱点：谁来装箱？
DOI：
10.55596/001c.92008
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
David Hesketh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David Hesketh
国际贸易供应链的复杂性已经发展到了这样一个程度，即需要了解情况的人无法清楚地看到发生了什么。国际公约涵盖了卖方和买方之间的货物运输，但更多地集中在限制责任上，而不是确保货物的准确描述。知道什么被送入供应链的人是包装盒子或托运货物的人。如果装箱单错误、未使用或隐藏，则运输单据（如运单和舱单）可能不准确。这会带来安全、安保、法律的合规性和商业风险。边境执法机构所要求的信息在货物装载之前被要求在供应链的更上游提供。但掌握大部分信息的发货人不在进口国当局的管辖范围内，因此他们转而求助于承运人和进口商。不幸的是，承运人掌握的信息并不总是准确的，海关要求进口商对他们可能从未见过的货物负责。在信息管理而不是货物实物控制的今天，出口数据的作用越来越重要。需要有一个具有可执行管辖权的多边国际法律的框架，并更加强调货物国际流动的起点。发货人和真实的装箱单起着关键作用。必须创建一个新的关键绩效指标和关键航路点，称为托运完成点。需要建立一个以网络为基础的无缝电子数据“管道”，将卖方/发货人和买方/收货人以及两者之间的有关经济经营者联系起来。实时、准确的数据必须从一开始就得到保证，随着货物的移动而更新，并以基于风险的分层方法进行共享。
The international trade supply chain has grown in complexity to a point where clear visibility is masked from those who need to know what is going on. International conventions cover the transport of goods between seller and buyer but concentrate more on limiting liabilities than they do on ensuring the accurate description of the goods. The person who knows what is being sent into the supply chain is the person who packed the box or consigned the goods. If the packing list is wrong, not used or hidden from view then the transport documents such as way bills and the manifest are likely to be inaccurate. This poses safety, security, legal compliance and commercial risks. Information required by border enforcement agencies is being asked for further upstream in the supply chain, prior to the goods being loaded. But the consignor, who holds the key to the majority of that information is outside the jurisdiction of the importing country’s authorities so they turn to the carrier and the importer instead. Unfortunately, information held by the carrier is not always accurate and Customs hold the importer accountable for goods they have probably never seen. In these days of information management rather than the physical control of the goods, the role of export data is increasingly important. A multilateral, international legal framework with enforceable jurisdiction is needed with more emphasis placed on the point at which the international movement of the goods begins. The consignor and the true packing list play a key role. A new key performance indicator and critical way-point must be created called the Consignment Completion Point. A web-based, seamless, electronic data ‘pipeline’ needs to link the seller/consignor and the buyer/consignee and the interested economic operators in between. Real-time, accurate data must be assured from the beginning, updated as the goods move, and shared in a risk based, layered approach.