Host sexual dimorphism and parasite adaptation.
Host sexual dimorphism and parasite adaptation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001271
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Ebert D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duneau D;Ebert D
疾病的表现和流行往往在不同性别的主机。这通常归因于两性的先天差异，但寄生虫对一种或另一种宿主性别的特定适应也可能有助于这些观察结果。在两性分离的物种中，寄生虫流行率和疾病表现在雄性和雌性之间往往不同。这种影响主要归因于宿主特征的性别差异，如免疫反应。在这里，我们说明寄生虫本身的特性也很重要。具体而言，我们认为，在许多不同的性状，如形态和激素水平的宿主性别之间的差异，可以施加选择寄生虫。这种选择最终可能导致寄生虫适应特定的宿主性别更常见，或寄生虫性状的差异表达取决于它们发现自己在哪个宿主性别。以这种方式适应宿主性别的寄生虫可能导致男性和女性之间在疾病流行和表达方面的差异。考虑这些可能性有助于阐明宿主-寄生虫相互作用，并影响流行病学和医学科学。
Disease expression and prevalence often vary in the different sexes of the host. This is typically attributed to innate differences of the two sexes but specific adaptations by the parasite to one or other host sex may also contribute to these observations. In species with separate sexes, parasite prevalence and disease expression is often different between males and females. This effect has mainly been attributed to sex differences in host traits, such as immune response. Here, we make the case for how properties of the parasites themselves can also matter. Specifically, we suggest that differences between host sexes in many different traits, such as morphology and hormone levels, can impose selection on parasites. This selection can eventually lead to parasite adaptations specific to the host sex more commonly encountered, or to differential expression of parasite traits depending on which host sex they find themselves in. Parasites adapted to the sex of the host in this way can contribute to differences between males and females in disease prevalence and expression. Considering those possibilities can help shed light on host–parasite interactions, and impact epidemiological and medical science.
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