Strategies used by older adults to change travel direction
Strategies used by older adults to change travel direction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.05.013
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Vallis, Lori Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller, Jason R.;Adkin, Allan L.;Vallis, Lori Ann
简介：一个独特的身体重新定位策略在转向任务期间，已报道在年轻人。由于在复杂的环境中航行会对老年人的全身稳定性造成挑战，本研究旨在研究老年人在主动改变旅行方向时使用的控制策略。方法：从当地退休住宅的独立生活区招募13名老年人，使用反射标记进行仪器检测，并使用摄像机（30 Hz）监测全身运动学数据。参与者按照自己的节奏沿着一条直线走3米，并在试验前被指示继续向前走，或者随机向左或向右转40度，然后再走2米。当躯干越过拐点时，计算头部和躯干位置的偏差以及足部在内侧外侧平面的旋转。结果：老年人以自上而下、节段性的顺序将自己重新定位到新的移动方向，从头部重新定位开始，然后是躯干重新定位，脚旋转和脚位移进入新的移动方向。这些改变在69%的时间里是在两个或更多的步骤中开始的，在31%的时间里是在一个步骤中开始的。转弯策略的使用与平衡信心之间存在显著的关系；随着平衡信心的降低，使用涉及两个或更多步骤的转向策略来开始改变行驶方向的频率增加。讨论和结论：老年人会做出节段性的改变，自愿地将自己重新定位在一个新的旅行方向上，这与年轻人观察到的序列相似。老年人主要选择在转弯前两步或更多步开始这些变化；这一策略的选择与平衡信心有关。(C) 2006 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Introduction: A distinct body reorientation strategy during steering tasks has been reported in young adults. As challenges to whole-body stability in older adults occur when navigating complex environments, this study was designed to examine control strategies used by older adults to initiate a voluntary change in travel direction.Methods: Thirteen older adults, recruited from an independent living division of a local retirement residence, were instrumented with reflective markers and whole-body kinematic data were monitored using a video camera (30 Hz). Participants executed self-paced walking trials 3-m along a straight path and were instructed prior to the trial to continue either straight ahead or randomly turn 40 degrees left or right and continue walking for an additional 2-m. Timing of changes with respect to when the trunk crossed the turning point were calculated for deviations in head and trunk position and foot rotation in the medial-lateral plane.Results: Older adults reoriented themselves into the new travel direction in a top-down, segmental sequence, beginning with head reorientation followed by trunk reorientation, foot rotation and foot displacement into the new travel direction. These changes were initiated over two or more steps 69% of the time and over one step 31% of the time. A significant relationship between turning strategy used and balance confidence was observed; the frequency of using a turning strategy involving two or more steps to initiate a change in travel direction increased as balance confidence decreased.Discussion and conclusion: Older adults made segmental changes to voluntarily reorient themselves in a new travel direction in a similar sequence to that observed in young adults. Older adults chose primarily to initiate these changes two or more steps prior to the turn; the selection of this strategy was related to balance confidence. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.