Accelerated losses of protected forests from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon
Accelerated losses of protected forests from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aa7dab
复制
发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Tupayachi, Raul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asner, Gregory P.;Tupayachi, Raul
亚马逊流域的金矿开采涉及森林砍伐、土壤挖掘和液态汞的使用，这些共同对生物多样性、水质、森林碳储量和人类健康构成重大威胁。尽管 2012 年政府出台了多项针对金矿开采的法令和执法行动，但在秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯这个全球生物多样性热点地区，金矿开采仍在继续。现在人们认为采矿业也已进入联邦保护区，但矿工的侵占率尚不清楚。在这里，我们利用高分辨率遥感来评估 1999 年至 2016 年整个 Madre de Dios 地区金矿开采范围的年度变化，包括高多样性的 Tambopata 国家保护区和缓冲区。从区域来看，与金矿开采相关的森林损失平均为 4437 公顷/年(-1)。 2012 年政府采取行动后，与采矿相关的森林损失年增长率暂时下降，随后 2013 年至 2014 年采矿造成的森林砍伐率几乎翻了一番。 2012 年至 2016 年间，整个地区的金矿开采总面积估计增加了约 40%，其中包括坦博帕塔国家保护区。我们的研究结果表明，迫切需要更多的社会环境努力和执法行动来打击秘鲁亚马逊地区的非法金矿开采。
Gold mining in Amazonia involves forest removal, soil excavation, and the use of liquid mercury, which together pose a major threat to biodiversity, water quality, forest carbon stocks, and human health. Within the global biodiversity hotspot ofMadre de Dios, Peru, gold mining has continued despite numerous 2012 government decrees and enforcement actions against it. Mining is now also thought to have entered federally protected areas, but the rates of miner encroachment are unknown. Here, we utilize high-resolution remote sensing to assess annual changes in gold mining extent from 1999 to 2016 throughout theMadre de Dios region, including the high-diversity Tambopata National Reserve and buffer zone. Regionally, gold mining-related losses of forest averaged 4437 ha yr(-1). A temporary downward inflection in the annual growth rate of mining-related forest loss following 2012 government action was followed by a near doubling of the deforestation rate from mining in 2013-2014. The total estimated area of gold mining throughout the region increased about 40% between 2012 and 2016, including in the Tambopata National Reserve. Our results reveal an urgent need for more socio-environmental effort and law enforcement action to combat illegal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon.