CONFLICT AND CHOICE TIME
CONFLICT AND CHOICE TIME
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8295.1957.tb00606.x
复制
发表时间：
1957-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
BERLYNE, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BERLYNE, DE
有四个变量被认为是冲突程度的决定因素：（1）数量，（2）力量接近相等，（3）绝对力量，（4）竞争性反应倾向的不相容程度。前两个，而不是其他的，已经在将反应时间与信息论联系起来的研究中出现。三个实验进行了测试的影响，所有这些变量的选择时间。记录了两种类型的选择RT：第一种是强迫选择RT（即传统选择RT），每次呈现一个刺激，每个刺激都有其适当的反应;第二种是自由选择RT，其中两个或多个刺激一起呈现，S必须对其中任何一个做出反应。(1)两种类型的选择反应时更长的替代反应的数量增加。(2)自由选择RT总是比强制选择RT长，证实了强度相等的影响。(3)强迫选择RT与刺激强度呈负相关，这被认为是影响反应趋势绝对强度的一个因素。自由选择RT在研究的三个强度水平的中间最短，在最高和最低水平显著较长。自由选择RT超过强迫选择RT的比例随着刺激强度的增加而增加。(4)生理不相容的程度不影响自由选择RT，尽管生理不相容的反应产生更长的强制选择RT。(5)有没有显着差异的RT的S的高，低神经质scores. Etiquiteness继续包括生理不相容的程度之间的冲突程度的决定因素的程度被称为问题的结果。否则，选择时间，除了眼睛运动等所占用的时间外，在更强烈的刺激下可能会更短，但似乎会随着冲突程度的增加而增加。结果进行了讨论，根据各种理论模型，来自船体的原则，行为振荡，米勒的理论冲突，信息理论，和赫布的理论皮层中断。
Four variables have been suggested as determinants of degree of conflict: (1) number, (2) nearness to equality in strength, (3) absolute strength, and (4) degree of incompatibility, of competing response tendencies. first two, but not others, have figured in investigations relating reaction time to information theory. Three experiments were carried out to test effects of all these variables on choice time. Two types of choice RT were recorded: first, forced‐choice RT (i.e. traditional choice RT), for which one stimulus was presented at a time, each stimulus having its appropriate response; and second, free‐choice RT, for which two or more stimuli were presented together, S having to respond to any one of them.principal findings were as follows. (1) Both types of choice RT were longer when number of alternative responses was increased. (2) Free‐choice RT's were invariably longer than forced‐choice RT's, confirming influence of equality of strength. (3) Forced‐choice RT's were inversely related to stimulus intensity, which was regarded as a factor influencing absolute strength of response tendencies. Free‐choice RT's were shortest at intermediate of three intensity levels studied and significantly longer at highest and lowest levels. proportion by which free‐choice RT's exceeded forced‐choice RT's increased with stimulus intensity. (4) Degree of physiological incompatibility did not affect free‐choice RT's, although physiologically incompatible responses produced longer forced‐choice RT's. (5) There were no significant differences between RT's of S's with high and low neuroticism scores.expediency of continuing to include degree of physiological incompatibility among determinants of degree of conflict is called in question by results. Otherwise, choice time, apart from time taken up by eye movements, etc., which may be shorter with more intense stimuli, appears to increase with degree of conflict. results are discussed in light of various theoretical models, derived from Hull's principle of behavioural oscillation, Miller's theory of conflict, information theory, and Hebb's theory of cortical disruption.