Balancing repair and tolerance of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents.

Balancing repair and tolerance of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrc3185
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发表时间:
2012-01-12
期刊:
Nature reviews. Cancer
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烷化剂包括一类主要的一线化疗药物,这些药物造成细胞毒性DNA损伤是其主要作用模式,此外还有附带的诱变损伤。许多细胞通路,包括直接DNA损伤逆转、碱基切除修复(BER)和错配修复(MMR),响应烷基化损伤来防御烷基化诱导的细胞死亡或突变。然而,在这些途径内和途径之间保持适当的活性平衡对于有机体对烷基化试剂的有利反应至关重要。此外,个体对烷化剂的反应可能因组织和人的不同而有很大差异,这表明调节烷化剂毒性的遗传和表观遗传机制。
Alkylating agents comprise a major class of frontline chemotherapeutic drugs that inflict cytotoxic DNA damage as their main mode of action, in addition to collateral mutagenic damage. Numerous cellular pathways, including direct DNA damage reversal, base excision repair (BER), and mismatch repair (MMR) respond to alkylation damage to defend against alkylation-induced cell death or mutation. However, maintaining a proper balance of activity both within and between these pathways is crucial for an organism's favorable response to alkylating agents. Furthermore, an individual's response to alkylating agents can vary considerably from tissue to tissue and from person to person, pointing to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that modulate alkylating agent toxicity.
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