The sniff-like aspiration reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the nasopharynx
The sniff-like aspiration reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the nasopharynx
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DOI：
10.1016/0034-5687(95)00063-1
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tomori, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benacka, R;Tomori, Z
在12只被麻醉的自发呼吸的猫的咽背和鼻粘膜表面，通过单次电击或电脉冲序列引起了类似嗅吸反射（AR）的强迫吸气努力。膈肌电图（DIA）测定的最强ar和吸气流峰来自靠近管环的鼻咽壁背外侧。高反应部位也被发现在后外侧鼻腔和前外侧口咽。阈值强度的重复刺激仅在吸气晚期和呼气早期诱发ARs。阈上反应消除并取代了潮汐呼吸。在DIA肌电图中，ARs表现出两相反应：短潜伏期（25.2 +/- 2.4 msec, M +/- SD）强激发（69.7 +/- 10.7 msec），随后是电压依赖性抑制（63.9 +/- 11.3 msec）。无论电压如何，重复ar以高于7- 9hz的速率衰减。综上所述，电刺激在鼻咽气道的大接受区唤起具有双相吸气模式和明显的相依赖特性的嗅样努力。
Forced inspiratory efforts resembling the sniff-like aspiration reflex (AR) were evoked by single-shocks or trains of electrical impulses to the dorsal pharyngeal and nasal mucosal surfaces in 12 anaesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. The strongest ARs determined by diaphragmatic (DIA) EMG and peak-inspiratory flows were elicited from the dorsolateral nasopharyngeal wall close to the torus tubalis. Highly responsive sites were also detected in the posterolateral nasal cavity and in the rostrolateral oropharynx. Repetitive stimulation at threshold strength evoked ARs exclusively in the late inspiration and early expiration. Suprathreshold responses abolished and replaced the tidal respiration. ARs exhibited a two-phase response in DIA EMG: a short latency (25.2 +/- 2.4 msec, M +/- SD) powerful excitation (69.7 +/- 10.7 msec) followed by an voltage-dependent inhibition (63.9 +/- 11.3 msec). Irrespective of voltage repetitive ARs were attenuated at rates above 7-9 Hz. In conclusion, electrical stimulation within the large receptive area of the nasal-pharyngeal airway evokes sniff-like efforts with biphasic inspiratory pattern and marked phase-dependent properties.