Individual Variation and Linguistic Innovation in the American Pacific Northwest
Individual Variation and Linguistic Innovation in the American Pacific Northwest
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美国太平洋西北地区的个体差异和语言创新
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Riebold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alicia B. Wassink;J. Riebold
The English in the Pacific Northwest Research Study是一个社会语音学项目，它对我们所说的低位前线提升特别感兴趣。Bag、beg、bake三个词类的元音在声学语音空间中紧密相连。这种模式似乎有几个可能的历史来源，主要是内陆-北部和太平洋西北部的东北定居者(以下简称PNW)。然而，(E)和(Ae)的提升在PNW地区的传播似乎走了一条与其他北美地区不同的语音路径。然而，很难明确确定变革的路径，因为它具有显著的个体差异。本次演讲的研究问题包括：这两个词类的变化是相互联系的吗？说话人之间的可变性是否会导致整个群体范围内的一致性增加？(例如)和(AEG)提升有语音动因吗？如果是这样的话，我们能断言语音普遍性已成为一种社会语言标记吗？这两次PNW变化似乎是由几个不同的来源汇合成PNW特有的区域模式引起的。然而，Gordon(2001)警告说，社会语言学研究有时过早地假设“链转移”，即理论化的链似乎巧妙地解释了一系列似乎影响语音系统的变化。他认为，我们必须找到：1)时间上的，2)结构上的，3)社会-地理上的相关性。PNW的变化似乎有问题，因为它们扰乱了元音系统的对称性，并在表观时间上表现出很大的变异性。我们提供了这些数据，并解决了与确定提升的驱动力相关的理论问题。我们不禁要问，在这些句型的社会语言学分布中，究竟是什么是“系统性的”？
The English in the Pacific Northwest research study is a sociophonetic project that has taken a particular interest in what we call low-front-prevelar raising. The vowels in three word classes bag, beg, bake, are in close proximity in acoustic phonetic space. This pattern appears to have several possible historical sources, chiefly, Inland-North and Northeastern settlers to the Pacific Northwest (PNW hereafter). However, it seems the spread of the raising of (e) and (ae) in the PNW is taking a phonetic path different from other North American regions. Clear determination of the path of change is difficult, however, as it is marked by significant individual variability. The research questions taken up in this talk include: Are the changes in these two word-classes interconnected? Is inter-speaker variability leading to increasing group-wide uniformity? Are there phonetic motivations for (eg)and (aeg)raising? If so, can we assert that a phonetic universal has become a sociolinguistic marker? It appears the two PNW changes arise from several distinct sources coalescing into a regional pattern particular to the PNW. However, Gordon (2001) cautions that sociolinguistic studies sometimes prematurely posit "chain shifts" where the theorized chain appears to account neatly for a set of changes appearing to impact a phonological system. He argues we must find: 1) temporal, 2) structural, and 3) social-geographic relatedness. The PNW changes appear problematic as they upset the symmetry of the vowel system, and show much variability in apparent time. We present these data, and address theoretical problems associated with determining the actuation of raising. We ask what exactly is "systematic" in the sociolinguistic distribution of these patterns.