Limits to vertical force and power production in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombus impatiens)
Limits to vertical force and power production in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombus impatiens)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.033563
复制
发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Dudley, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buchwald, R.;Dudley, R.
飞行动物产生的最大垂直力可能难以明确识别，但可能表明空气动力和肌肉力量输出的一般限制。我们使用了两种方法（即增量添加的补充质量和渐近载荷提升），以确定种内异速生长和方法的差异，估计最大飞行性能的大黄蜂熊蜂凤仙花。我们发现，增量质量增加低估了最大起重能力约18%，相对于通过渐进增加施加的负载在一个起重回合。在渐近加载，大黄蜂解除平均53%的体重，并表现出显着负的异速生长的最大气动力生产相对于胸部肌肉质量。最大身体质量比的机械功率输出的估计值随身体质量增加到0.38-0.50次幂，这取决于剖面阻力系数的假设值。我们还发现，当两个后翼被删除时，垂直力的产生显着减少。载荷提升能力的极限最终与行程幅度的上限（类似于145 °）共同出现。虽然胸部肌肉质量表现出积极的异速生长，整体负荷提升性能表现出显着的尺寸依赖性退化。
Maximum vertical forces produced by flying animals can be difficult to identify unequivocally, but potentially indicate general limits to aerodynamic force and muscle power output. We used two methods (i.e. incremental addition of supplemental mass and asymptotic load lifting) to determine both the intraspecific allometry of and methodological differences in estimates of maximum flight performance for the bumblebee Bombus impatiens. We found that incremental mass addition underestimated maximum lifting capacity by approximately 18% relative to values obtained by asymptotically increasing the applied load during a lifting bout. In asymptotic loading, bumblebees lifted on average 53% of their body weight, and demonstrated a significantly negative allometry of maximum aerodynamic force production relative to thoracic muscle mass. Estimates of maximum body mass-specific mechanical power output increased intraspecifically with body mass to the 0.38-0.50 power, depending on values assumed for the profile drag coefficient. We also found a significant reduction in vertical force production when both hindwings were removed. Limits to load-lifting capacity ultimately co-occur with an upper bound on stroke amplitude (similar to 145 deg.). Although thoracic muscle mass showed positive allometry, overall load-lifting performance exhibited significant size-dependent degradation.