AN EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF FOOD IN A CLOSED ECONOMY
AN EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF FOOD IN A CLOSED ECONOMY
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1991.56-33
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
BAUMAN, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAUMAN, R
老鼠生活在单独的房间里，唯一可用的食物是用来按下杠杆的。 在第一阶段，每个食品颗粒需要固定次数的压制。 随着每个食物颗粒的固定压榨比率每天增加，大鼠每天的食物摄入量减少。 在第二阶段，通过用其间隔当量替换每个固定比率，食物颗粒的成本增加了。 每个间隔是第一阶段期间大鼠第一次按下比例和输送颗粒之间的平均时间。在第二阶段，每次只需要两次按下食物颗粒：第一次按下启动延迟，第二次按下在延迟过去后激活颗粒分配器。 当绘制为延迟的函数时，一系列固定比率的食物摄入量和大鼠的一系列延迟当量的食物摄入量非常相似，但当绘制为每粒压力的函数时则不然。 因此，固定比例减少了食物摄入量，因为较大的比例会增加第一次按下比例后的食物延迟。 对反应时间的观察和分析进一步表明，随着固定比率的增加，以及局部和总体食物摄入率的下降，杠杆按压变得更加刻板。 由于这种增加的刻板印象导致按下杠杆的速度大大增加，因此进食的延迟被最小化，也许更重要的是，老鼠的基线每日摄入量也减少了。
Rats lived in individual chambers in which the only food available was delivered for lever pressing. During Stage I, a fixed number of presses was required for each food pellet. As this fixed ratio of presses per food pellet was increased daily, a rat's daily intake of food was reduced. During Stage II, the cost of a food pellet was increased by replacing each fixed ratio with its interval equivalent. Each interval was a rat's mean time between the first press of a ratio and the delivery of a pellet during Stage I. During Stage II, only two presses were every required for a food pellet: The first press initiated a delay and the second activated the pellet dispenser after that delay elapsed. Food intakes for the series of fixed ratios and a rat's series of delay equivalents were very similar when plotted as a function of delay, but not when plotted as a function of presses per pellet. Consequently, the fixed ratio reduced food intake because larger ratios increased delay to food from the first press of a ratio. Observations and an analysis of interresponse times further revealed that as the fixed ratio increased, and local as well as overall rate of food intake decreased, lever pressing became more stereotyped. Because this increased stereotypy resulted in greatly increased rates of lever pressing, delay to food was minimized, and perhaps more importantly, so too was the reduction of a rat's baseline daily intake.