Endocrine-Distributing Chemicals and Reproductive Function
Endocrine-Distributing Chemicals and Reproductive Function
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_5
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Araki;T. Jensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Araki;T. Jensen
暴露于影响雄激素作用的环境化学品（内分泌干扰化学品（EDCs））被怀疑通过破坏正常的分化和发育对男性生殖功能产生负面影响。在本章中，将审查有关接触干扰内分泌的化学品对男性生殖的影响的文献。我们将专门讨论暴露于有机氯化合物、全氟烷基化物（PFAS）、邻苯二甲酸盐和酚类物质对肛门与生殖器距离、儿童期生殖激素、青春期开始和精液质量的影响，重点关注发育脆弱时间点的产前或早期暴露。一般来说，肛门生殖器距离（AGD）似乎是一个有前途的，容易获得的男性生殖健康的标志。母亲接触邻苯二甲酸酯一直与男性后代较短的AGD相关，但PFAS或双酚A暴露与AGD之间没有一致的关联。产前接触有机氯农药（OCPs）似乎会降低儿童的睾酮浓度，并增加出生后芳香化酶的活性。此外，出生前接触二恶英和有机氯农药可能会推迟青春期，而接触多氯联苯则会加速男孩青春期的开始。母亲、儿童或成人邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与生殖激素浓度降低、青春期开始和精液质量改变有关。PFAS或苯酚暴露与AGD、生殖激素、青春期开始或精液质量之间没有一致的关联。我们建议迫切需要更多的研究，重点关注出生队列研究，以解决发育过程中脆弱时间窗口暴露的不良影响，例如，在子宫内，在幼儿期和青春期。队列应具有必要的规模，包括生物材料，侧重于多次暴露，并通过重复临床检查进行长期随访。
Exposures to environmental chemicals affecting androgen action (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) are suspected to have a negative impact on male reproductive function by disrupting normal differentiation and development. In this chapter, the literature on the impact of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on male reproduction will be reviewed. We will specifically address the effects of exposure to organochlorine compounds, perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFAS), phthalates, and phenols on anogenital distance, reproductive hormones in childhood, puberty onset, and semen quality, focusing on prenatal or early exposures during vulnerable time points of development. Generally, anogenital distance (AGD) appears to be a promising, easily obtainable marker of male reproductive health. Maternal exposure to phthalates has consistently been associated with shorter AGD in male offspring, but no consistent associations between PFAS or bisphenol A exposure and AGD have been found. Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) appears to lower children’s testosterone concentrations and increase aromatase activity after birth. In addition, prenatal exposure to dioxins and OCPs may delay puberty, whereas exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accelerates the onset of puberty in boys. Maternal, childhood, or adult phthalate exposure has been associated with lower reproductive hormone concentrations, changed onset of puberty and semen quality. No consistent associations between PFAS or phenol exposure and AGD, reproductive hormones, puberty onset, or semen quality have been found. We suggest that more research is urgently needed focusing on birth cohort studies addressing the adverse effects of exposures during vulnerable time windows during development, e.g., in utero, during early childhood, and puberty. The cohorts should have the necessary size, include biological material, focus on multiple exposures, and have long-term follow-up with repeated clinical examinations.