Cross-Fostering, Imprinting and Learning in Two Sympatric Species of Cockatoo
Cross-Fostering, Imprinting and Learning in Two Sympatric Species of Cockatoo
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DOI：
10.1163/156853986x00180
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Graeme Chapman;I. Rowley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graeme Chapman;I. Rowley
两种凤头鹦鹉，加拉 Cacatua Roseicapilla 和少校米切尔凤头鹦鹉 C. Leadbeateri，在澳大利亚大部分地区同域分布。这两个物种在一年中的同一时间在大小相似的树洞中筑巢。它们的蛋非常相似，每隔一天产一次，直到至少产下三枚后才进行孵化。父母鸟经常在离巢很远的地方觅食，因此早期的蛋基本上无人看管。有时，一对 C.roseicapilla 和一只 C.leadbeateri 都“拥有”同一个空洞，并为同一窝产卵。当对抗最终发生时，C.roseicapilla 体型较小，会失败，C.leadbeateri 会在不知不觉中孵化出一个混合亲本的群体，并可能与自己的后代一起抚养年轻的 C.roseicapilla。这种交叉培养的 C.roseicapilla 的行为与 C.leadbeateri 相似，并且与之相关；他们忽略其他 C.roseicapilla。他们的行为习惯部分是天生的，部分是印记的结果，部分是后来学习的结果。它们学习像 C. Leadbeateri 一样飞行和叫声，并且它们也采用后者更加多样化的饮食。交叉培育的 C.roseicapilla 可能是已报道的 C.roseicapilla 和 C.leadbeateri 之间野生杂交案例的原因。
Two species of cockatoo, the galah Cacatua roseicapilla and Major Mitchell's cockatoo C. leadbeateri are sympatric throughout much of Australia. Both species nest in tree-hollows of similar dimensions at the same time of year. Their eggs which are very similar are laid every other day and are not incubated until at least three have been produced. Parent birds often forage a long way from the nest and so the early eggs are largely unattended. Sometimes a pair of C. roseicapilla and one of C. leadbeateri both "own" the same hollow and contribute eggs to the clutch. When confrontation finally arises the C. roseicapilla being smaller, lose out and the C. leadbeateri unknowingly incubate a mixed parentage clutch, and may rear a young C. roseicapilla with their own offspring. Such cross-fostered C. roseicapilla behave as, and associate with C. leadbeateri; they ignore other C. roseicapilla. Parts of their behaviour repertoire are innate, parts are the result of imprinting and parts, of later learning. They learn to fly and to call like C. leadbeateri and they also adopt the latter's much more varied diet. Cross-fostered C. roseicapilla are probably responsible for those cases of hybridisation in the wild between C. roseicapilla and C. leadbeateri that have been reported.