Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System.
Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System.
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DOI：
10.2174/1570159x14666160414111821
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Blokland A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todorova V;Blokland A
成人大脑中的突触可塑性被认为代表了学习和记忆的细胞机制。线粒体参与了突触可塑性的复杂过程的调节。本文综述了线粒体在突触功能和可塑性中的调节作用以及线粒体功能障碍在突触传递中的意义。首先，线粒体的分布和运动性对于维持和加强树突棘，以及新的棘突/突触的形成都具有重要意义。其次，线粒体作为能量供给器和钙缓冲细胞器的主要功能被认为是对其在神经元可塑性过程中的基本和调节作用的可能解释。第三，探讨了突触增强对线粒体基因表达的影响。最后，讨论了与年龄相关的突触可塑性改变与线粒体功能障碍之间的关系。衰老过程中的记忆丧失和神经退化似乎与线粒体(Dys)功能有关。虽然线粒体对突触可塑性是必不可少的，但进一步的研究表明，在突触可塑性中，调节线粒体功能的细胞内和分子过程是非常重要的。
Synaptic plasticity in the adult brain is believed to represent the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the complex processes of synaptic plasticity. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of mitochondria in the function and plasticity of synapses and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunctions in synaptic transmission. First, the importance of mitochondrial distribution and motility for maintenance and strengthening of dendritic spines, but also for new spines/synapses formation is presented. Secondly, the major mitochondrial functions as energy supplier and calcium buffer organelles are considered as possible explanation for their essential and regulatory roles in neuronal plasticity processes. Thirdly, the effects of synaptic potentiation on mitochondrial gene expression are discussed. And finally, the relation between age-related alterations in synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunctions is considered. It appears that memory loss and neurodegeneration during aging are related to mitochondrial (dys)function. Although, it is clear that mitochondria are essential for synaptic plasticity, further studies are indicated to scrutinize the intracellular and molecular processes that regulate the functions of mitochondria in synaptic plasticity.