Ecological response of nitrification to oil spills and its impact on the nitrogen cycle
Ecological response of nitrification to oil spills and its impact on the nitrogen cycle
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.14391
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
H. Urakawa;Suja S. Rajan;M. Feeney;P. Sobecky;B. Mortazavi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Urakawa;Suja S. Rajan;M. Feeney;P. Sobecky;B. Mortazavi
海洋石油泄漏是灾难性事件，会对所有营养水平的生态系统造成巨大破坏。虽然大多数研究都集中在碳降解微生物上，但碳氢化合物对负责硝化作用的微生物的潜在影响却没有得到太多关注。硝化细菌对碳氢化合物的毒性很敏感：氨氧化细菌和古生菌分别比典型的异养细菌敏感100倍和1000倍。田间研究表明，硝化菌对碳氢化合物的响应变化很大，沿海生态系统硝化活性的丧失可以在1-2年内恢复，这比整个生态系统的典型恢复时间(例如，长达20年)要短得多。由于反硝化过程主要是由异养菌驱动的，异养菌比硝化菌对碳氢化合物毒性的抵抗力更强，抑制硝化作用可能会减缓氮素周转，增加氨氮利用率，从而支持降解石油的异养菌的生长，并可能支持各种光养殖菌的生长。更好地了解硝化作用的生态响应对于预测漏油对漏油条件下氮循环的影响以及改进目前的生物修复做法至关重要。
Marine oil spills are catastrophic events that cause massive damage to ecosystems at all trophic levels. While most of the research has focused on carbon-degrading microorganisms, the potential impacts of hydrocarbons on microbes responsible for nitrification have received far less attention. Nitrifiers are sensitive to hydrocarbon toxicity: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea being 100 and 1000 times more sensitive than typical heterotrophs respectively. Field studies have demonstrated the response of nitrifiers to hydrocarbons is highly variable and the loss of nitrification activity in coastal ecosystems can be restored within 1-2 years, which is much shorter than the typical recovery time of whole ecosystems (e.g., up to 20 years). Since the denitrification process is mainly driven by heterotrophs, which are more resistant to hydrocarbon toxicity than nitrifiers, the inhibition of nitrification may slow down the nitrogen turnover and increase ammonia availability, which supports the growth of oil-degrading heterotrophs and possibly various phototrophs. A better understanding of the ecological response of nitrification is paramount in predicting impacts of oil spills on the nitrogen cycle under oil spill conditions, and in improving current bioremediation practices.