Social support effects on cardiovascular reactivity: Is a stranger as effective as a friend?
Social support effects on cardiovascular reactivity: Is a stranger as effective as a friend?
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-199707000-00009
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pickering, TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christenfeld, N;Gerin, W;Pickering, TG
目的：我们调查了观众的社会支持对心血管反应性的影响是否仅取决于该人的行为，或者也取决于观众和演员之间的关系。也就是说，如果点头和微笑的人也是朋友，生理反应是否会减少？方法：90名受试者向观察者发表演讲。在其中两种情况下，这个观察者是实验者的同伙，也是被试的陌生人。这位同盟者在演讲中要么支持要么中立。在最后一种情况下，这个观察者是受试者带来的一个朋友，然后接受训练，以与支持者相同的方式表示支持。两种同盟条件的比较测试了支持的效果，保持关系不变。朋友和同盟支持条件的比较测试的关系的效果，保持支持行为不变。所有参与者均为女性。结果如下：两种支持性条件产生的心血管增加显著小于邦联中立条件，朋友支持性条件产生的收缩压增加显著小于邦联支持性条件（朋友支持性：7.9 mm Hg;邦联支持性：14.9 mm Hg;邦联中立性：22.9 mm Hg）。舒张压和心率的差异不显著，尽管数据遵循相同的模式。结论：在实验室环境中，来自朋友的社会支持比来自陌生人的支持在更大程度上减弱了心血管反应。受试者对支持行为的理解会对反应性产生影响，这种影响超过了实际行为本身的影响。
Objective: We investigated whether the effects on cardiovascular reactivity of social support from an audience member depend only on the behavior of that person or also depend on the relationship between the audience and the actor. That is, is there any added reduction in physiological response if the person who is nodding and smiling supportively is also a friend? Method: Ninety subjects gave a speech to an observer. In two of the conditions, this observer was a confederate of the experimenter and a stranger to the subject. This confederate acted in either a supportive or neutral manner during the speech. In the final condition, this observer was a friend, brought by the subject, who was then trained to show support in the same manner as the supportive confederate. The comparison of the two confederate conditions tested the effect of support, holding the relationship constant. The comparison of friend and confederate supportive conditions tested the effect of the relationship, holding the supportive behaviors constant. All participants were female. Results: Both supportive conditions produced significantly smaller cardiovascular increases than the confederate-neutral condition, and the friend-supportive condition produced significantly smaller systolic blood pressure increases than the confederate-supportive (friend-supportive: 7.9 mm Hg; confederate-supportive: 14.9 mm Hg; confederate-neutral: 22.9 mm Hg). Differences for diastolic pressure and heart rate were not significant, although the data followed the same pattern. Conclusions: Social support from a friend attenuated cardiovascular reactivity in a laboratory setting to a greater degree than support from a stranger. The subjects' construal of the supportive behaviors can have an effect on reactivity, over and above the effects of the actual behaviors themselves.