Surface radiation balance in Antarctica as measured with automatic weather stations
Surface radiation balance in Antarctica as measured with automatic weather stations
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DOI：
10.1029/2003jd004394
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发表时间：
2004-05
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Broeke;C. Reijmer;R. Wal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Broeke;C. Reijmer;R. Wal
[1]本文介绍了4个南极自动气象站（AWS）近地面辐射平衡观测资料。AWS位于德龙宁毛德地的一条横贯线上，通过下降风区连接沿海冰架和内陆高原，覆盖了东南极洲的三个主要气候区。云不仅限制了短波辐射的大气透过率，而且大大增强了到达地表的短波辐射的大气透过率。因此，沿海冰架的雪面在盛夏吸收的短波辐射比高原少65%，高原多云和降水事件不太频繁。在冬季，在斜坡上，下降风保持了一个持续的湍流输送的显热向地面，这增强了向外长波辐射。结果表明，下降风区的长波和全波辐射损失在冬季和全年都是最大的。晴空有效发射率的传入长波辐射显示出很大的空间变异性，造成不同的气候区之间的垂直温度和湿度廓线的差异。
[1] We present 4 years of near-surface radiation balance observations of four Antarctic automatic weather stations (AWS). The AWS are situated along a traverse line in Dronning Maud Land, connecting the coastal ice shelf and the inland plateau via the katabatic wind zone, covering the three major climate regimes of East Antarctica. Important differences in the radiation balance of the three regions are found. Clouds not only limit atmospheric transmissivity for shortwave radiation but also strongly enhance the albedo for the shortwave radiation that reaches the surface. As a result, the snow surface of the coastal ice shelves absorbs up to 65% less shortwave radiation in high summer than at the high plateau, where cloudy episodes and precipitation events are less frequent. In winter, over the slopes, katabatic winds maintain a continuous turbulent transport of sensible heat toward the surface, which enhances outgoing longwave radiation. As a result, the katabatic wind zone shows the largest longwave and all-wave radiation loss in winter and over the year. Clear-sky effective emissivity for incoming longwave radiation shows great spatial variability resulting from differences in vertical temperature and moisture profiles among the various climate zones.