Cytoskeletal prestress: The cellular hallmark in mechanobiology and mechanomedicine.

Cytoskeletal prestress: The cellular hallmark in mechanobiology and mechanomedicine.
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细胞骨架预应力:机械生物学和机械医学中的细胞标志。

DOI:
10.1002/cm.21658
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang N
Wang N
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chowdhury F;Huang B;Wang N

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越来越多的证据表明,机械力,除了可溶性分子,影响细胞和组织的生理功能和疾病。活细胞如何整合机械信号以执行适当的生物功能是一个深入研究的领域。在这里,我们回顾了细胞骨架预应力在机械力传导和机械生物学中的核心作用的证据。升高的细胞骨架预应力增加细胞硬度并加强细胞硬化,促进通过整联蛋白的长距离细胞质机械转导,使得能够直接染色质拉伸和快速基因表达,刺激胚胎发育和干细胞分化,并促进免疫细胞活化和肿瘤细胞的杀伤,而降低细胞骨架预应力维持胚胎干细胞多能性,促进干细胞样恶性肿瘤再增殖细胞的肿瘤发生和转移,并提高软肿瘤细胞衍生微粒的药物递送效率。大量的证据表明,细胞骨架预应力是机械生物学中的主导原则和细胞标志。机械生物学在医学上的应用(机械医学)正在迅速兴起,可能有助于促进人类健康,改善疾病的诊断、治疗和治疗。
Increasing evidence demonstrates that mechanical forces, in addition to soluble molecules, impact cell and tissue functions in physiology and diseases. How living cells integrate mechanical signals to perform appropriate biological functions is an area of intense investigation. Here, we review the evidence of the central role of cytoskeletal prestress in mechanotransduction and mechanobiology. Elevating cytoskeletal prestress increases cell stiffness and reinforces cell stiffening, facilitates long‐range cytoplasmic mechanotransduction via integrins, enables direct chromatin stretching and rapid gene expression, spurs embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, and boosts immune cell activation and killing of tumor cells whereas lowering cytoskeletal prestress maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotency, promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of stem cell‐like malignant tumor‐repopulating cells, and elevates drug delivery efficiency of soft‐tumor‐cell‐derived microparticles. The overwhelming evidence suggests that the cytoskeletal prestress is the governing principle and the cellular hallmark in mechanobiology. The application of mechanobiology to medicine (mechanomedicine) is rapidly emerging and may help advance human health and improve diagnostics, treatment, and therapeutics of diseases.
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