The Social Roots of Risk: Producing Disasters, Promoting Resilience
The Social Roots of Risk: Producing Disasters, Promoting Resilience
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风险的社会根源：造成灾难，增强复原力
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
K. Tierney
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作者：
K. Tierney
21世纪的第一个十年见证了数量惊人的大规模灾难。海地和苏门答腊的地震凸显了灾难性事件可能给发展中国家带来的严重经济后果，而9/11和卡特里娜飓风则表明，第一世界国家仍然很脆弱。《风险的社会根源》反对一种普遍的观念，即灾难性事件是由我们无法控制的力量驱动的单一事件。相反，凯瑟琳·蒂尔尼认为，所有类型的灾难——无论是自然的、技术的还是经济的——都根植于共同的社会和制度根源。换句话说，风险和灾难是由社会秩序本身产生的——由推动经济增长、反对降低风险的监管、并在发生巨大损失时逃避责任的管理机构、组织和团体产生的。考虑到大量的历史事件和即将发生的事件——从东京可能发生的大地震，其造成的破坏远比2011年大得多，到英国石油公司在2010年井喷之前的事故历史——蒂尔尼阐明了我们行为的趋势，将看似一次性的事件联系起来，以阐明历史模式。与风险一样，人类的复原力也来自社会秩序，本书有力地证明，我们已经具备了减少灾害造成的损失的巨大能力。《风险的社会根源》对我们处理和补救灾难的方式进行了一次具有煽动性的反思，让读者更好地理解我们自己的行为是如何使我们容易受到下一次大危机的影响的——以及我们可以做些什么来预防它。
The first decade of the 21st century saw a remarkable number of large-scale disasters. Earthquakes in Haiti and Sumatra underscored the serious economic consequences that catastrophic events can have on developing countries, while 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina showed that first world nations remain vulnerable. The Social Roots of Risk argues against the widespread notion that cataclysmic occurrences are singular events, driven by forces beyond our control. Instead, Kathleen Tierney contends that disasters of all types-be they natural, technological, or economic-are rooted in common social and institutional sources. Put another way, risks and disasters are produced by the social order itself-by governing bodies, organizations, and groups that push for economic growth, oppose risk-reducing regulation, and escape responsibility for tremendous losses when they occur. Considering a wide range of historical and looming events-from a potential mega-earthquake in Tokyo that would cause devastation far greater than what we saw in 2011, to BP's accident history prior to the 2010 blowout-Tierney illustrates trends in our behavior, connecting what seem like one-off events to illuminate historical patterns.Like risk, human resilience also emerges from the social order, and this book makes a powerful case that we already have a significant capacity to reduce the losses that disasters produce. A provocative rethinking of the way that we approach and remedy disasters, The Social Roots of Risk leaves readers with a better understanding of how our own actions make us vulnerable to the next big crisis-and what we can do to prevent it.