Mycoplasmas: sophisticated, reemerging, and burdened by their notoriety.
Mycoplasmas: sophisticated, reemerging, and burdened by their notoriety.
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DOI：
10.3201/eid0301.970103
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发表时间：
1997-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Tully, J G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baseman, J B;Tully, J G
支原体是最不寻常的自我复制细菌，拥有非常小的基因组，缺乏细胞壁成分，需要胆固醇来实现膜功能和生长，使用UGA密码子作为色氨酸，通过“细菌保留”过滤器，并显示遗传经济，需要严格依赖宿主的营养和避难所。此外，许多对人类和动物具有致病性的支原体具有特殊的尖端细胞器，介导它们与真核细胞的密切相互作用。这种宿主适应性存活是通过靶细胞的表面寄生、获得必需的生物合成前体以及在某些情况下随后进入细胞内并存活来实现的。关于支原体在疾病发病机制中的作用的误解可以直接归因于它们的生物学微妙性和对它们的毒力能力的理解的根本缺陷。在这篇综述中，我们强调了这些原核生物的生物学和发病机制，并提供了新的证据，可能会导致增加赞赏其作为人类病原体的作用。
Mycoplasmas are most unusual self-replicating bacteria, possessing very small genomes, lacking cell wall components, requiring cholesterol for membrane function and growth, using UGA codon for tryptophan, passing through "bacterial-retaining" filters, and displaying genetic economy that requires a strict dependence on the host for nutrients and refuge. In addition, many of the mycoplasmas pathogenic for humans and animals possess extraordinary specialized tip organelles that mediate their intimate interaction with eucaryotic cells. This host-adapted survival is achieved through surface parasitism of target cells, acquisition of essential biosynthetic precursors, and in some cases, subsequent entry and survival intracellularly. Misconceptions concerning the role of mycoplasmas in disease pathogenesis can be directly attributed to their biological subtleties and to fundamental deficits in understanding their virulence capabilities. In this review, we highlight the biology and pathogenesis of these procaryotes and provide new evidence that may lead to increased appreciation of their role as human pathogens.