Local government and old-age support in the New Deal
Local government and old-age support in the New Deal
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新政中的地方政府与养老
DOI：
10.1016/j.eeh.2017.02.003
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Fetter, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fetter, Daniel
在向穷人提供公共援助的设计中，一个关键问题是在不同级别的政府之间分配资金和决策的责任如何影响所提供援助的水平和类型。新政时代是美国这种分配发生重大变化的时期，公共援助的提供从地方政府转移到州和联邦政府，同时政府转移支付大幅增加。本文以对老年人的援助为研究对象，利用各州法律对地方政府和州政府对老年援助（OAA）计划资金分配的不同规定，研究了地方政府资金份额对OAA支付和接受的响应性。在地方资金份额较高的州，每位老年居民的支付明显较低，这主要是由于接受的减少。基线结果表明，如果地方政府在1939年需要为OAA支付的一半提供资金，在新政之前的地方资金份额的低端，那么领取OAA的老年人比例将是5%，而不是22%，甚至可能更低。更多的推测性结果表明，更多的地方资金导致黑人在OAA受助人中所占的比例相对于他们在人口中的比例更低，尤其是在南方。
A key question in the design of public assistance to the needy is how allocation of responsibility for funding and decision-making across different levels of government influences the level and type of assistance provided. The New Deal era was a period in which this allocation changed significantly in the United States, as provision of public assistance shifted from local governments to states and the federal government, accompanied by a large increase in government transfer payments. Focusing on assistance to the elderly and using variation in state laws governing the division of funding between local and state governments for the Old Age Assistance (OAA) Program, this paper investigates the responsiveness of OAA payments and recipiency to local government funding shares. Payments per elderly resident were significantly lower in states with higher local funding shares, driven largely by reductions in recipiency. The baseline results suggest that had local governments needed to fund half of OAA payments in 1939, on the lower end of local funding shares prior to the New Deal, the share of the elderly receiving OAA would have been 5 percent rather than 22 percent, and perhaps even lower. More speculative results suggest that greater local funding led to lower representation of blacks among OAA recipients relative to their share of the population, particularly in the South.