All that Glisters is not Gold: Sensory Bias, Sexual Conflict and Nuptial Feeding in Insects and Spiders
All that Glisters is not Gold: Sensory Bias, Sexual Conflict and Nuptial Feeding in Insects and Spiders
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01312.x
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发表时间：
2007-02
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
K. Vahed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Vahed
越来越清楚的是，在交配问题上，两性的进化利益往往是冲突的。然而，涉及婚姻礼物的性接触通常被视为性合作而不是冲突的主要例子。在这篇评论中，我探讨的命题，婚姻礼物作为感官陷阱：通过利用女性的味觉反应，男性可能能够吸引女性接受多余的交配和/或转移更多的射精量比女性的生殖利益。有证据表明，雌性的感官偏见可能在至少四个不同的系统中对礼物特征的形成起了重要作用，尽管迄今为止从这个角度研究的婚姻喂养形式相对较少。我认为，礼物的组成更有可能是量身定制的，以增加对女性的礼物的吸引力和/或最大限度地提高礼物处理时间，而不是为了满足女性的营养需求，以及提高生育能力的好处，结婚礼物往往是值得怀疑的，并已被夸大的文献。然而，与女性对婚姻礼物的吸引力相关的受精偏见可能会给女性带来间接的好处。另一方面，婚内喂养也可能给雌性带来巨大的成本。有证据表明，某些类型的礼物会吸引雌性交配，但不清楚由此产生的一妻多夫制程度是否高于雌性的最佳程度。在其他情况下，证据表明，礼物使男性能够克服女性的阻力，接受额外的大量射精，大量射精与女性交配后较长的性不应期有关。这可能会延迟或阻止女性获得一妻多夫制的遗传利益，从而给女性带来代价。然而，目前尚不清楚这种成本是否超过了对雌性的婚内喂养的潜在好处。
It is becoming increasingly clear that the evolutionary interests of the sexes are often in conflict when it comes to mating. Sexual encounters involving nuptial gifts, however, have often been viewed as prime examples of sexual co-operation, rather than conflict. In this review, I explore the proposition that nuptial gifts act as sensory traps: by exploiting the female's gustatory responses, the male may be able to entice females to accept superfluous matings and/or transfer greater volumes of ejaculate than are in the female's reproductive interests. Evidence suggests that the females' sensory biases may have played an important role in shaping gift characteristics in at least four different systems, although relatively few forms of nuptial feeding have so far been examined from this perspective. I argue that gift composition is more likely to be tailored to increasing the attractiveness of the gift to the female and/or maximizing gift handling time than to suit the female's nutritional needs and that the fecundity-enhancing benefits of nuptial gifts are often questionable and have been over-stated in the literature. Fertilization biases associated with the female's attraction to the nuptial gift, however, could lead to in-direct benefits for the female. On the other hand, nuptial feeding may also lead to significant costs to the female. Evidence suggests that some types of gift entice the female to mate, but it is not clear whether the resultant degree of polyandry is higher than optimal for the female. In other cases, evidence suggests that the gift enables the male to overcome the resistance of the female to accepting an extra large ejaculate and that large ejaculates are associated with longer post-mating sexual refractory periods in the female. This could represent a cost to the female by delaying or preventing her from receiving the genetic benefits of polyandry. At present, it is not clear, however, whether such costs outweigh the potential benefits of nuptial feeding for the female.