Physiological acclimatization in high‐latitude zooplankton
Physiological acclimatization in high‐latitude zooplankton
复制标题
高纬度浮游动物的生理适应
DOI：
10.1111/mec.16354
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Lenz, Petra H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roncalli, Vittoria;Niestroy, Jeanette;Cieslak, Matthew C.;Castelfranco, Ann M.;Hopcroft, Russell R.;Lenz, Petra H.
单个生物如何通过生理适应来适应非最佳条件，是预测异常非生物和生物条件(如海洋热浪产生的条件)后果的核心。包括阿拉斯加湾在内的东北太平洋地区经历了一次极端变暖事件(2014-2016，“The Blob”)，影响了所有营养层，并导致了社区的大规模变化。海洋桡足类Neocalanus flemingeri是亚北极太平洋远洋生态系统的重要成员。在春季浮游植物繁殖期间，这种桡足类动物建立了大量的脂肪储存，为它的非摄食成虫阶段做准备。对2015年至2017年在阿拉斯加湾威廉王子湾收集的桡足类基因表达谱进行了为期3年的比较，其中包括两个高温年份(2015和2016)和一个浮游植物丰度极低的年份(2016)。基因表达的最大差异是在高和低叶绿素年之间，而不是在暖年和冷年之间。观察到的基因表达模式表明生理适应。2016年的主要信号是参与糖酵解及其进入途径的基因下调，这与代谢率的调节一致，以应对长期的低食物条件。尽管参与新陈代谢的基因下调，但没有证据表明基于基因表达或行为活动的蛋白质合成受到抑制。参与肌肉功能的基因上调，桡足类动物在收集时活跃地游泳并对刺激做出反应。然而，参与脂肪酸新陈代谢的基因在2016年下调，这表明脂肪积累减少。
How individual organisms adapt to nonoptimal conditions through physiological acclimatization is central to predicting the consequences of unusual abiotic and biotic conditions such as those produced by marine heat waves. The Northeast Pacific, including the Gulf of Alaska, experienced an extreme warming event (2014–2016, “The Blob”) that affected all trophic levels and led to large‐scale changes in the community. The marine copepodNeocalanus flemingeriis a key member of the subarctic Pacific pelagic ecosystem. During the spring phytoplankton bloom this copepod builds substantial lipid stores as it prepares for its nonfeeding adult phase. A 3‐year comparison of gene expression profiles of copepods collected in Prince William Sound in the Gulf of Alaska between 2015 and 2017 included two high‐temperature years (2015 and 2016) and one year with very low phytoplankton abundances (2016). The largest differences in gene expression were between high and low chlorophyll years, and not between warm and cool years. The observed gene expression patterns were indicative of physiological acclimatization. The predominant signal in 2016 was the down‐regulation of genes involved in glycolysis and its incoming pathways, consistent with the modulation of metabolic rates in response to prolonged low food conditions. Despite the down‐regulation of genes involved in metabolism, there was no evidence of suppression of protein synthesis based on gene expression or behavioural activity. Genes involved in muscle function were up‐regulated, and the copepods were actively swimming and responsive to stimuli at collection. However, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were down‐regulated in 2016, suggesting reduced lipid accumulation.
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