Explaining Institutional Change: The Contradictory Potential of Institutions: The Rise and Decline of Land Documentation in Kenya
Explaining Institutional Change: The Contradictory Potential of Institutions: The Rise and Decline of Land Documentation in Kenya
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解释制度变迁：制度的矛盾潜力：肯尼亚土地文献的兴衰
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
A. Onoma
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Onoma
我想要一份[土地]文件，因为它就像一个女人的结婚证。“放心吧，你放心吧，没有人会来打扰你的。肯尼亚Taita Taveta的一位老农民在2005年接受作者[土地所有权]的采访时说，土地所有权只是一张纸。William ole Ntimama，肯尼亚地方政府部长，“土著人和原住民”，《每周评论》（内罗毕），1993年7月9日。保护财产权的制度的逐渐衰落给我们带来了一个有趣的难题。这些机构有许多特点，应显示积极的反馈效应，并确保其持续的力量。土地文件系统是这些机构的关键组成部分，可以帮助知情和有良好关系的社会成员获得大片土地，激励这些行为者永久保留这种文件系统（Scott 1998，48）。此外，由于所有权和其他形式的土地文件和记录可以帮助他们持有自己的财产，我们可以期待土地所有者投资，以确保这些系统的有效运作。除了帮助解决所有权问题外，记录制度还通过促进土地的生产性使用和土地权利转化为资本，为土地的永久化创造了激励因素（de Soto 2000）。因此，参与这些土地使用方式的人有兴趣维护有效的记录系统。此外，通过使这种土地开发更有利可图，这些体制安排吸引了新的行为者参与这些土地的使用，从而增加了致力于体制稳定的人的数量。
I wanted a [land] document because it is like a marriage certificate for a woman. It gives you [the husband] confidence that no one will ever bother you. An old farmer in Taita Taveta, Kenya, in a 2005 interview with author [Land titles] are mere pieces of paper. William ole Ntimama, minister of local government, Kenya, “The Indigenous and the Natives,” Weekly Review (Nairobi), July 9, 1993. Introduction The gradual decline of institutions that secure property rights presents us with an interesting puzzle. These institutions have a number of features that should display positive-feedback effects and ensure their continued strength. Land documentation systems, which constitute key components of these institutions, can aid informed and well-connected members of society in acquiring swathes of land, giving these actors an incentive to perpetuate such documentation systems (Scott 1998, 48). Further, because titles and other forms of land documents and records can help them hold onto their property, we can expect landowners to invest in ensuring the efficacious operation of these systems. Beyond helping resolve issues of ownership, record systems create incentives for their perpetuation by facilitating the productive use of land and the transformation of land rights into capital (de Soto 2000). People involved in these modes of using land thus have an interest in upholding effective record systems. Also, by rendering such exploitation of land more profitable, these institutional arrangements draw new actors to these land uses and so increase the pool of those dedicated to institutional stability.