An Automated Methodology for Worker Path Generation and Safety Assessment in Construction Projects
An Automated Methodology for Worker Path Generation and Safety Assessment in Construction Projects
复制标题
建筑项目中工人路径生成和安全评估的自动化方法
DOI：
10.1109/tase.2016.2628898
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
S. Zanlongo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Md. Mahbubur Rahman;Leonardo Bobadilla;A. Mostafavi;Triana Carmenate;S. Zanlongo
在施工现场，自动化移动设备与工人之间的碰撞是施工项目执行过程中死亡和事故的主要来源之一。在本文中，我们提出了一种在项目计划执行之前根据危险识别和评估项目计划的方法。我们的方法包括以下步骤：1)从初始活动图中提取多个潜在计划；2)将计划从高级活动图转换为离散事件仿真模型；3)使用现有的运动规划算法生成避开静止和运动障碍物的轨迹和安全策略；4)根据移动设备的轨迹计算安全分数和基于风险的热图；5)通过对影响计划安全性的不同因素(成本、资源和截止日期)的敏感度分析，提供管理含义以选择可接受的计划。最后，我们提供了说明性的案例研究例子来证明我们模型的实用性。给实践者的注意：目前，由于缺乏能够在计划执行前识别计划的安全级别的自动化工具，建设项目计划没有明确地考虑安全。本文提出了一种自动化施工安全评价工具，它能够对备选施工方案进行评价，并在考虑安全性、成本和工期的情况下帮助进行选择。我们的方法使用离散事件建模和运动规划来模拟工人和设备的运动，这是建筑工地中大多数危险的原因。我们的方法能够为人类和机器生成安全的运动轨迹和协调策略，以最大限度地减少碰撞次数。我们还提供安全热图，作为建筑工地的时空可视化显示，以确定整个项目时间表内环境中的危险区域。此外，详细的敏感性分析有助于在安全性、成本和截止日期方面的计划之间进行选择。
Collisions between automated moving equipment and human workers in job sites are one of the main sources of fatalities and accidents during the execution of construction projects. In this paper, we present a methodology to identify and assess project plans in terms of hazards before their execution. Our methodology has the following steps: 1) several potential plans are extracted from an initial activity graph; 2) plans are translated from a high-level activity graph to a discrete-event simulation model; 3) trajectories and safety policies are generated that avoid static and moving obstacles using existing motion planning algorithms; 4) safety scores and risk-based heatmaps are calculated based on the trajectories of moving equipment; and 5) managerial implications are provided to select an acceptable plan with the aid of a sensitivity analysis of different factors (cost, resources, and deadlines) that affect the safety of a plan. Finally, we present illustrative case study examples to demonstrate the usefulness of our model.Note to Practitioners—Currently, construction project planning does not explicitly consider safety due to a lack of automated tools that can identify a plan’s safety level before its execution. This paper proposes an automated construction safety assessment tool which is able to evaluate the alternate construction plans and help to choose considering safety, cost, and deadlines. Our methodology uses discrete-event modeling along with motion planning to simulate the motions of workers and equipment, which account for most of the hazards in construction sites. Our method is capable of generating safe motion trajectories and coordination policies for both humans and machines to minimize the number of collisions. We also provide safety heatmaps as a spatiotemporal visual display of construction site to identify risky zones inside the environment throughout the entire timeline of the project. Additionally, a detailed sensitivity analysis helps to choose among plans in terms of safety, cost, and deadlines.