Optimal Source Codes for Timely Updates

Optimal Source Codes for Timely Updates
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优化源代码,及时更新

DOI:
10.1109/tit.2020.2983151
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Himanshu Tyagi
Himanshu Tyagi
中科院分区:
计算机科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prathamesh Mayekar;Parimal Parag;Himanshu Tyagi

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发送器观察独立且同分布的随机变量序列,试图使接收器了解其最新观测结果。接收器不需要被告知发送器看到的每个符号,但需要在每次时刻输出一个符号。如果在时间<内联公式;<tex-ath notation=“LaTeX”&>$t$</tex-ath&>;/内联-公式&>;/内联-公式&>,接收器在时间<内联-公式&>;<的符号,则接收器在时间<内联-公式&>;$U(T)\leq t$</特技-数学&>;;/内联-公式&>;时接收器处的信息的年龄。文本数学符号=“LaTeX”&>;$t$</文本数学&>;/内联公式&>是<内联-公式&>;;文本-数学符号=“LaTeX”&>;$t-U(T)$</文本-数学&>;/内联-公式&>。我们研究了在接收端以最小平均年龄进行传输的无损信源码的设计。我们证明,对于产生符号的原始PMF的倾斜版本,Shannon码可以获得直到恒定间隙的渐近最小平均年龄,这可以很容易地通过求解优化问题来计算。此外,我们还展示了一个字母表<内联公式><tex-ath notation=“LaTeX”>$\mathcal{X}$</tex-ath&>;/inline-form>的例子,其中原始PMF的Shannon码产生一个因子<内联-公式&>;的渐近平均年龄。/INLINE-FORMULA>比我们的代码实现的更多。我们关于最优码的处方是一个新的关于随机变量的整数矩的变分公式,这可能是独立的兴趣。此外,我们还讨论了将我们的公式扩展到随机化方案和擦除信道的可能性,并包括对信源编码的相关问题的处理,以获得最小平均排队延迟。
A transmitter observing a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables seeks to keep a receiver updated about its latest observations. The receiver need not be apprised about each symbol seen by the transmitter, but needs to output a symbol at each time instant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. If at time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> the receiver outputs the symbol seen by the transmitter at time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U(t)\leq t$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the age of information at the receiver at time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t-U(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We study the design of lossless source codes that enable transmission with minimum average age at the receiver. We show that the asymptotic minimum average age can be attained up to a constant gap by the Shannon codes for a tilted version of the original pmf generating the symbols, which can be computed easily by solving an optimization problem. Furthermore, we exhibit an example with alphabet <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> where Shannon codes for the original pmf incur an asymptotic average age of a factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\sqrt {\log | \mathcal {X}|})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> more than that achieved by our codes. Underlying our prescription for optimal codes is a new variational formula for integer moments of random variables, which may be of independent interest. Also, we discuss possible extensions of our formulation to randomized schemes and to the erasure channel, and include a treatment of the related problem of source coding for minimum average queuing delay.
DOI: 10.1109/tit.2017.2746751
发表时间: 2018-07-01
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
He, Qing;Yuan, Di;Ephremides, Anthony
通讯作者: Ephremides, Anthony