The effects of paternal reproductive tactic and rearing environment on juvenile variation in growth as mediated through aggression and foraging behaviours of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
The effects of paternal reproductive tactic and rearing environment on juvenile variation in growth as mediated through aggression and foraging behaviours of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
复制标题
父系繁殖策略和饲养环境对奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）攻击和觅食行为介导的幼鱼生长变异的影响
DOI：
10.1111/eth.12601
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Semeniuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adriana R. Forest;M. Dender;T. Pitcher;C. Semeniuk
在具有不确定生长的物种中，不同的生长速率可能导致动物采用替代性生殖策略，例如潜行守卫表型，这部分地通过在幼年生活史阶段的生长变化来预测。要调查的增长变化的来源，我们研究了独立和共同的影响，父亲的生殖策略（G）和饲养环境（E）青少年的生长在奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha），假设G和E的影响部分介导的行为，如侵略性的相互作用和觅食行为的差异。我们创造了母亲半兄弟姐妹家庭，一半的女性卵子由运动鞋“杰克”的精液受精，另一半由守卫“鹰钩鼻”受精。在外源饲养阶段，每个分离离合器家庭，然后再次划分和饲养在定量饮食或促生长饮食环境中约6个月，在此期间的生长参数进行了测量。在9个月大的盐水转移之前，观察到六条不同竞争对手来源的鱼的群体中的社会互动。我们发现，定量限制生长速度和少年质量，和遗传效应的证据对生长depensation，杰克sired个人增长不均匀，随着时间的推移。这些与生长有关的差异影响了个体的攻击性水平，在限制饮食中长大的个体和那些家庭经历最大增长的个体最具攻击性。这些个体更有可能进食，而且进食频率最高。在没有食物的情况下，杰克血统的个体也具有攻击性，当在定量饮食中长大时，它们会比其他人更能进食。这些结果表明，个体如何通过内在（G）或诱导（E）的攻击行为表型实现更高的生长率，并最终达到在盐水期早熟性成熟和采用替代生殖表型所需的阈值体型。
In species with indeterminate growth, differential growth rates can lead to animals adopting alternative reproductive tactics such as sneak–guard phenotypes, which is partially predicted by variation in growth during the juvenile life-history stage. To investigate sources of growth variation, we examined the independent and joint effects of paternal reproductive tactic (G) and rearing environment (E) on juvenile growth in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), hypothesizing G and E effects are partially mediated through differences in behaviour such as aggressive interactions and resulting foraging behaviours. We created maternal half-sibling families with one-half of the female's eggs fertilized by the milt of a sneaker “jack” and the other half by a guarder “hooknose”. At the exogenous feeding stage, each split-clutch family was then divided again and reared in a rationed diet or growth-promotion diet environment for approximately 6 months, during which growth parameters were measured. Before saltwater transfer at 9 months of age, social interactions were observed in groups of six fish of various competitor origins. We found ration restricts growth rate and juvenile mass, and evidence of genetic effects on growth depensation, where jack-sired individuals grew less uniformly over time. These growth-related differences influenced an individual's level of aggression, with individuals raised on a restricted diet and those whose families experienced greatest growth being most aggressive. These individuals were more likely to feed than not and feed most often. Jack-sired individuals were additionally aggressive in the absence of food, and when raised on a rationed diet outcompeted others to feed most. These results show how individuals may achieve higher growth rates via intrinsic (G) or induced (E) aggressive behavioural phenotypes, and eventually attain the threshold body size necessary during the saltwater phase to precociously sexually mature and adopt alternative reproductive phenotypes.