The filter‐house of the larvacean Oikopleura dioica. A complex extracellular architecture: From fiber production to rudimentary state to inflated house
The filter‐house of the larvacean Oikopleura dioica. A complex extracellular architecture: From fiber production to rudimentary state to inflated house
复制标题
幼虫 Oikopleura dioica 的过滤室复杂的细胞外结构：从纤维生产到基本状态再到膨胀的房屋。
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21382
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
T. Stach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khashayar Razghandi;Nils F Janßen;M. Le;T. Stach
虽然纤维素是生物圈中最丰富的大分子，但除了被囊动物之外，大多数动物都不能产生纤维素。一些被囊动物已经进化出分泌含有纤维素纤维的复杂房屋的能力，但对房屋建造过程的早期阶段知之甚少。在这里，我们调查的基本房子的Oikopleura dioica首次使用互补的光和电子显微镜技术。此外，我们还基于生活视频成像，对功能性扩展房屋的腔室、网和过滤器的布置进行了三维数字建模。结合基于连续组织学半薄切片、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和聚焦离子束（FIB）-SEM的3D重建，我们能够阐明基本房屋的结构组件（包括纤维素纤维）的排列，重点是食物浓度过滤器。我们开发了一个模型，在房子的雏形折叠结构的安排，并显示它是一个精确的预制结构与可识别的组件错综复杂地与特定的细胞。此外，我们证明，纳斯细胞的顶面的结构细节提供了确切的位置和形状，以产生房子的纤维，并相互作用，与巨福尔细胞，并与纤维，以安排他们在精确的位置所需的扩展到功能状态的房子雏形。所提出的数据和假设推进了我们对不同生物学水平上结构和功能相互关系的认识，并促进了对这一惊人生物学对象的调查。
While cellulose is the most abundant macromolecule in the biosphere, most animals are unable to produce cellulose with the exception of tunicates. Some tunicates have evolved the ability to secrete a complex house containing cellulosic fibers, yet little is known about the early stages of the house building process. Here, we investigate the rudimentary house of Oikopleura dioica for the first time using complementary light and electron microscopic techniques. In addition, we digitally modeled the arrangement of chambers, nets, and filters of the functional, expanded house in three dimensions based on life‐video‐imaging. Combining 3D‐reconstructions based on serial histological semithin‐sections, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB)‐SEM, we were able to elucidate the arrangement of structural components, including cellulosic fibers, of the rudimentary house with a focus on the food concentration filter. We developed a model for the arrangement of folded structures in the house rudiment and show it is a precisely preformed structure with identifiable components intricately correlated with specific cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that structural details of the apical surfaces of Nasse cells provide the exact locations and shapes to produce the fibers of the house and interact among each other, with Giant Fol cells, and with the fibers to arrange them in the precise positions necessary for expansion of the house rudiment into the functional state. The presented data and hypotheses advance our knowledge about the interrelation of structure and function on different biological levels and prompt investigations into this astonishing biological object.