Deep void detection with 3D full waveform inversion of surface-based and in-depth source seismic wavefields

Deep void detection with 3D full waveform inversion of surface-based and in-depth source seismic wavefields
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通过地基和深层震源地震波场的 3D 全波形反演进行深空探测

DOI:
10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106407
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.4
通讯作者:
Wasman, Scott J.
Wasman, Scott J.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mirzanejad, Majid;Tran, Khiem T.;McVay, Michael;Horhota, David;Wasman, Scott J.

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使用非破坏性地震方法检测地下空隙是土木和环境工程的许多领域中的持续问题(例如,天坑和洞穴),国土安全(例如,隧道检测),以及采矿应用(例如,废弃矿井)。3D全波形反演(FWI)技术的最新进展使有效扫描大量底层材料成为可能,从而提供了对地下条件状态的一瞥。应用三维FWI方法检测空洞的一个挑战来自于它们的嵌入深度。较浅的空洞由于其在地表地震响应上的大特征而更容易检测,而较深的空洞具有小得多的特征,因此更难检测。这不是FWI方法的局限性,而是地震现场测试技术和数据收集过程的局限性。本研究的目的是探讨如何克服这些局限性,提高空隙检测深度。实现这一点的一种方法是通过应用大的表面源,在较低的频率(较长的波长)下产生更多的能量,从而增加穿透深度。另一种方法是通过增加体波的贡献并利用嵌入在波形中的衍射/透射信息。后者是通过应用最近开发的标准贯入试验-地震方法来实现的,其中标准贯入试验(SPT)装置用于从地下产生波动。两种源方法和一个新开发的3D高斯-牛顿FWI方法在这里检测一个深空(25-45米深)的石灰岩,在南部半岛的佛罗里达。将结果与从试验场获得的SPT和声纳剖面进行了比较。总的来说,获得了深空的良好图像,与侵入性结果的观察结果相匹配。这些发现为FWI技术在探测通常难以识别的深层地下空洞和异常方面的应用提供了有用的见解。
Detection of subsurface voids using nondestructive seismic methods is an ongoing problem in many areas of civil and environmental engineering (e.g., sinkholes and caves), homeland security (e.g., tunnel detection), and mining applications (e.g., abandoned mines). Recent advances in 3D full waveform inversion (FWI) technology have made it possible to scan large volumes of the underlying materials efficiently, providing a glimpse into the state of subsurface conditions. A challenge in applying 3D FWI methods to the detection of voids emerges from their embedment depths. Shallower voids are easier to detect due to their large signature on the surface seismic response, whereas deeper voids have a much smaller signature and are therefore much harder to detect. This is not a limitation of the FWI method, but rather that of the seismic field-testing techniques and data gathering processes. The goal of this study is to investigate ways to overcome these limitations and improve void detection depths. One way to achieve this is through the application of a large surface source, generating more energy at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths), thereby increasing the penetration depth. Another way is by increasing the contribution of body waves and utilizing the diffraction/transmission information embedded in the waveforms. The latter is achieved through the application of a recently developed SPT-seismic method, where the standard penetration test (SPT) device is used to generate wave motion from within the subsurface. Both source methods and a newly developed 3D Gauss-Newton FWI method are utilized here to detect a deep void (25–45 m depth) in limestone, on the southern peninsula of Florida. The results are compared with SPT and Sonar profiles obtained from the test site. Overall, a good image of the deep void is achieved, matching observations from the invasive results. The findings provide useful insight into the application of FWI technology for detecting deep subsurface voids and anomalies that are typically hard to identify.
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