Thallium in the environment and health effects
Thallium in the environment and health effects
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1006791514080
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kazantzis, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazantzis, G
铊以低浓度存在于自然环境中，最常见于一些重金属的硫化物矿石中。来自工业源的大气排放和沉积导致矿物冶炼厂、燃煤发电厂、砖厂和水泥厂附近的水平升高。在受污染的地区，蔬菜、水果和农场动物中的含量升高。铊在工业上的使用量很小，用于电子产品、某些玻璃和晶体的生产以及医疗诊断。它过去常被用作杀鼠剂，但现在许多国家已禁止使用。铊盐现在被认为是已知毒性最大的化合物之一。关于人口接触问题，在以水泥厂为中心的土壤和菜园蔬菜中铊浓度高的地区进行的一项流行病学研究发现，尿液中的铊浓度与一些非特异性主观症状之间存在剂量反应关系。需要进行更多的研究，以调查人口接触铊后可能对健康产生的不利影响。
Thallium is present in the natural environment in low concentration, being found most frequently in the sulphide ores of a number of heavy metals. Atmospheric emission and deposition from industrial sources has resulted in raised levels in the vicinity of mineral smelters, coal burning power plants, brick works and cement plants. In contaminated areas, raised levels are found in vegetables, fruit and in farm animals. Thallium is used industrially in small quantities, with uses in electronics, in the production of certain glasses and crystals and in medical diagnostics. It has in the past been commonly used as a rodenticide, but its use has now been banned in many countries. Thallium salts are now considered to be amongst the most toxic compounds known. With regard to population exposure, an epidemiological study in an area with high thallium concentrations in soil and garden vegetables centred on a cement plant, has found evidence of a dose response relationship between thallium concentration in urine and a number of non-specific subjective symptoms. Much further research is required to investigate the possible adverse health effects of thallium following population exposure.